Circulatory system: Difference between revisions

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In the 6th century BCE, the knowledge of circulation of vital fluids through the body was known to the [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician [[Sushruta]] in [[History of India|ancient India]]. He also seems to have possessed knowledge of the arteries, described as 'channels' by Dwivedi & Dwivedi (2007). The [[Heart valve|valves of the heart]] were discovered by a physician of the [[Hippocrates|Hippocratean]] school around the 4th century BCE. However, their function was not properly understood then. Because blood pools in the veins after death, arteries look empty. Ancient anatomists assumed they were filled with air and that they were for the transport of air.

The [[Ancient Greek Medicine|Greek physician]], [[Herophilus]], distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the [[pulse]] was a property of arteries themselves. Greek anatomist [[Erasistratus]] observed that arteries that were cut during life bleed. He ascribed the fact to the phenomenon that air escaping from an artery is replaced with blood that enters between veins and arteries by very small vessels. Thus he apparently postulated capillaries but with reversed flow of blood.~~{{cn|date=February 2022}}~~

The [[Ancient Greek Medicine|Greek physician]], [[Herophilus]], distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the [[pulse]] was a property of arteries themselves. Greek anatomist [[Erasistratus]] observed that arteries that were cut during life bleed. He ascribed the fact to the phenomenon that air escaping from an artery is replaced with blood that enters between veins and arteries by very small vessels. Thus he apparently postulated capillaries but with reversed flow of blood.

In 2nd-century AD [[Rome]], the [[Ancient Greek Medicine|Greek]] physician [[Galen]] knew that blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Growth and energy were derived from venous blood created in the liver from chyle, while arterial blood gave vitality by containing pneuma (air) and originated in the heart. Blood flowed from both creating organs to all parts of the body where it was consumed and there was no return of blood to the heart or liver. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves.

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 In the 6th century BCE, the knowledge of circulation of vital fluids through the body was known to the [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician [[Sushruta]] in [[History of India|ancient India]]. He also seems to have possessed knowledge of the arteries, described as 'channels' by Dwivedi & Dwivedi (2007). The [[Heart valve|valves of the heart]] were discovered by a physician of the [[Hippocrates|Hippocratean]] school around the 4th century BCE. However, their function was not properly understood then. Because blood pools in the veins after death, arteries look empty. Ancient anatomists assumed they were filled with air and that they were for the transport of air.
-The [[Ancient Greek Medicine|Greek physician]], [[Herophilus]], distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the [[pulse]] was a property of arteries themselves. Greek anatomist [[Erasistratus]] observed that arteries that were cut during life bleed. He ascribed the fact to the phenomenon that air escaping from an artery is replaced with blood that enters between veins and arteries by very small vessels. Thus he apparently postulated capillaries but with reversed flow of blood.{{cn|date=February 2022}}
+The [[Ancient Greek Medicine|Greek physician]], [[Herophilus]], distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the [[pulse]] was a property of arteries themselves. Greek anatomist [[Erasistratus]] observed that arteries that were cut during life bleed. He ascribed the fact to the phenomenon that air escaping from an artery is replaced with blood that enters between veins and arteries by very small vessels. Thus he apparently postulated capillaries but with reversed flow of blood.
 In 2nd-century AD [[Rome]], the [[Ancient Greek Medicine|Greek]] physician [[Galen]] knew that blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Growth and energy were derived from venous blood created in the liver from chyle, while arterial blood gave vitality by containing pneuma (air) and originated in the heart. Blood flowed from both creating organs to all parts of the body where it was consumed and there was no return of blood to the heart or liver. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves.