Eicosapentaenoic acid/en: Difference between revisions

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Dietary supplements containing EPA and DHA lower triglycerides in a dose dependent manner; however, DHA appears to raise [[low-density lipoprotein]] (the variant which drives atherosclerosis, sometimes inaccurately called "bad cholesterol") and [[LDL-C]] values (a measurement/estimate of the cholesterol mass within LDL-particles), while EPA does not. This effect has been seen in several [[Meta-analysis|meta-analyses]] that combined hundreds of individual clinical trials in which both EPA and DHA were part of a high dose omega-3 supplement, but it is when EPA and DHA are given separately that the difference can be seen clearly. For example, in a study by Schaefer and colleagues of Tufts Medical School, patients were given either 600 mg/day DHA alone, 600 or 1800 mg/day EPA alone, or placebo for six weeks. The DHA group showed a significant 20% drop in triglycerides and an 18% increase in LDL-C, but in the EPA groups modest drops in triglyceride were not considered statistically significant and no changes in LDL-C levels were found with either dose.

Ordinary consumers commonly obtain EPA and DHA from foods such as fatty fish,~~{{efn|1=Cooked salmon contain 500–1,500 mg DHA and 300–1,000 mg EPA per 100 grams of fish. See page: [[Salmon as food#Products|Salmon as food]].}}~~ fish oil dietary supplements, and less commonly from [[seaweed oil|algae oil]] supplements in which the omega-3 doses are lower than those in clinical experiments. A Cooper Center Longitudinal Study that followed 9253 healthy men and women over 10 years revealed that those who took fish oil supplements did not see raised LDL-C levels. In fact, there was a very slight ''decrease'' of LDL-C which was statistically significant but too small to be of any clinical significance. These individuals took fish oil supplements of their own choosing, and it should be recognized that the amounts and ratios of EPA and DHA vary according to the source of fish oil.

Ordinary consumers commonly obtain EPA and DHA from foods such as fatty fish, fish oil dietary supplements, and less commonly from [[seaweed oil|algae oil]] supplements in which the omega-3 doses are lower than those in clinical experiments. A Cooper Center Longitudinal Study that followed 9253 healthy men and women over 10 years revealed that those who took fish oil supplements did not see raised LDL-C levels. In fact, there was a very slight ''decrease'' of LDL-C which was statistically significant but too small to be of any clinical significance. These individuals took fish oil supplements of their own choosing, and it should be recognized that the amounts and ratios of EPA and DHA vary according to the source of fish oil.

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, have been studied for their effect on [[autistic spectrum disorder]] (ASD). Some have theorized that, since omega-3 fatty acid levels may be low in children with autism, supplementation might lead to an improvement in symptoms. While some uncontrolled studies have reported improvements, well-controlled studies have shown no statistically significant improvement in symptoms as a result of high-dose omega-3 supplementation.

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 Dietary supplements containing EPA and DHA lower triglycerides in a dose dependent manner; however, DHA appears to raise [[low-density lipoprotein]] (the variant which drives atherosclerosis, sometimes inaccurately called "bad cholesterol") and [[LDL-C]] values (a measurement/estimate of the cholesterol mass within LDL-particles), while EPA does not. This effect has been seen in several [[Meta-analysis|meta-analyses]] that combined hundreds of individual clinical trials in which both EPA and DHA were part of a high dose omega-3 supplement, but it is when EPA and DHA are given separately that the difference can be seen clearly. For example, in a study by Schaefer and colleagues of Tufts Medical School, patients were given either 600&nbsp;mg/day DHA alone, 600 or 1800&nbsp;mg/day EPA alone, or placebo for six weeks. The DHA group showed a significant 20% drop in triglycerides and an 18% increase in LDL-C, but in the EPA groups modest drops in triglyceride were not considered statistically significant and no changes in LDL-C levels were found with either dose.
-Ordinary consumers commonly obtain EPA and DHA from foods such as fatty fish,{{efn|1=Cooked salmon contain 500–1,500&nbsp;mg DHA and 300–1,000&nbsp;mg EPA per 100 grams of fish. See page: [[Salmon as food#Products|Salmon as food]].}} fish oil dietary supplements, and less commonly from [[seaweed oil|algae oil]] supplements in which the omega-3 doses are lower than those in clinical experiments. A Cooper Center Longitudinal Study that followed 9253 healthy men and women over 10 years revealed that those who took fish oil supplements did not see raised LDL-C levels. In fact, there was a very slight ''decrease'' of LDL-C which was statistically significant but too small to be of any clinical significance. These individuals took fish oil supplements of their own choosing, and it should be recognized that the amounts and ratios of EPA and DHA vary according to the source of fish oil.
+Ordinary consumers commonly obtain EPA and DHA from foods such as fatty fish, fish oil dietary supplements, and less commonly from [[seaweed oil|algae oil]] supplements in which the omega-3 doses are lower than those in clinical experiments. A Cooper Center Longitudinal Study that followed 9253 healthy men and women over 10 years revealed that those who took fish oil supplements did not see raised LDL-C levels. In fact, there was a very slight ''decrease'' of LDL-C which was statistically significant but too small to be of any clinical significance. These individuals took fish oil supplements of their own choosing, and it should be recognized that the amounts and ratios of EPA and DHA vary according to the source of fish oil.
 Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, have been studied for their effect on [[autistic spectrum disorder]] (ASD). Some have theorized that, since omega-3 fatty acid levels may be low in children with autism, supplementation might lead to an improvement in symptoms. While some uncontrolled studies have reported improvements, well-controlled studies have shown no statistically significant improvement in symptoms as a result of high-dose omega-3 supplementation.