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Citric acid cycle/ja: Difference between revisions

Citric acid cycle/ja
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Created page with "== 循環乳酸を介してTCAサイクルに供給されるグルコース == {{Anchor|Glucose feeds the TCA cycle via circulating lactate}} 乳酸の代謝的役割は、組織、DPH細胞症などのミトコンドリア細胞症、および腫瘍学の科学分野（腫瘍）の燃料としてよく認識されている..."
Created page with "== ステップ == {{Anchor|Steps}} クエン酸サイクルには、以下に概説する10の基本ステップがある。このサイクルには、表のステップ0から入るアセチル-CoAの形で新しい炭素が継続的に供給される。 {| class="wikitable" ! !反応タイプ !基板 !酵素 !製品 !コメント |- |{{nowrap|0 / 10}} |Aldol condensation/ja |オキサロ酢酸 + Acetyl CoA/ja|アセチ..."
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* 各サイクルの終わりには、炭素数4の[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]]が再生され、サイクルが継続される。
* 各サイクルの終わりには、炭素数4の[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]]が再生され、サイクルが継続される。


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== Steps ==
== ステップ ==
There are ten basic steps in the citric acid cycle, as outlined below. The cycle is continuously supplied with new carbon in the form of [[acetyl-CoA]], entering at step 0 in the table.
{{Anchor|Steps}}
クエン酸サイクルには、以下に概説する10の基本ステップがある。このサイクルには、表のステップ0から入る[[acetyl-CoA/ja|アセチル-CoA]]の形で新しい炭素が継続的に供給される。
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
!Reaction type
!反応タイプ
!Substrates
!基板
!Enzyme
!酵素
!Products
!製品
!Comment
!コメント
|-
|-
|{{nowrap|0 / 10}}
|{{nowrap|0 / 10}}
|[[Aldol condensation]]
|[[Aldol condensation/ja]]
|[[Oxaloacetic acid|Oxaloacetate]] + [[Acetyl CoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]] + [[Acetyl CoA/ja|アセチルCoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Citrate synthase]]
|[[Citrate synthase/ja]]
|[[Citric acid|Citrate]] + [[Coenzyme A|CoA-SH]]
|[[Citric acid/ja|クエン酸塩]] + [[Coenzyme A/ja|CoA-SH]]
|irreversible, extends the 4C [[Oxaloacetic acid|oxaloacetate]] to a 6C molecule
|不可逆的に、4Cの[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]]を6Cの分子に拡張する
|-
|-
|1
|1
| [[Dehydration reaction|Dehydration]]
| [[Dehydration reaction/ja|脱水症状]]
|[[Citrate]]
|[[Citrate/ja]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Aconitase]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Aconitase/ja]]
|''[[Cis–trans isomerism|cis]]''-[[Aconitic acid|Aconitate]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|''[[Cis–trans isomerism/ja|cis]]''-[[Aconitic acid|アコニット]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|rowspan=2|reversible [[Isomerization|isomerisation]]
|rowspan=2|可逆 [[Isomerization/ja|異性化]]
|-
|-
|2
|2
|[[Hydration reaction|Hydration]]
|[[Hydration reaction/ja|水分補給]]
|[[Aconitate|''cis''-Aconitate]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Aconitate/ja|''cis''-アコニット]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Isocitric acid|Isocitrate]]
|[[Isocitric acid/ja|イソクエン酸塩]]
|-
|-
|3
|3
|[[Oxidation]]
|[[Oxidation/ja]]
|[[Isocitrate]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD]]<sup>+</sup>
|[[Isocitrate/ja]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NAD]]<sup>+</sup>
| rowspan="2" |[[Isocitrate dehydrogenase]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Isocitrate dehydrogenase/ja]]
|[[Oxalosuccinic acid|Oxalosuccinate]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]]
|[[Oxalosuccinic acid/ja|オキサロコハク酸塩]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]]
|generates [[NADH]] (equivalent of 2.5 ATP)
|[[NADH/ja|NADH]]生成 (2.5ATPに相当する)
|-
|-
|4
|4
|[[Decarboxylation]]
|[[Decarboxylation/ja]]
|[[Oxalosuccinate]]
|[[Oxalosuccinate/ja]]
|[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid|α-Ketoglutarate]] + CO<sub>2</sub>
|[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid/ja|α-ケトグルタル酸]] + CO<sub>2</sub>
|rate-limiting, irreversible stage, generates a 5C molecule
|律速段階となる不可逆的な段階では、5C分子が生成される。
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Oxidative<br />[[decarboxylation]]
|酸化的<br />[[decarboxylation/ja|脱炭酸]]
|[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid|α-Ketoglutarate]] + NAD<sup>+</sup> + CoA-SH
|[[alpha-Ketoglutaric acid/ja|α-ケトグルタル酸]] + NAD<sup>+</sup> + CoA-SH
|[[Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase|α-Ketoglutarate<br />dehydrogenase]], [[Thiamine pyrophosphate]], [[Lipoic acid]], Mg++,transsuccinytase
|[[Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase/ja|α-ケトグルタル酸<br />デヒドロゲナーゼ]], [[Thiamine pyrophosphate/ja]], [[Lipoic acid/ja]], Mg++,トランスサクシニターゼ
|[[Succinyl-CoA]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]] + CO<sub>2</sub>
|[[Succinyl-CoA/ja]] + [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NADH + H <sup>+</sup>]] + CO<sub>2</sub>
|irreversible stage, generates [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NADH]] (equivalent of 2.5 ATP), regenerates the 4C chain (CoA excluded)
|不可逆的な段階で[[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/ja|NADH]]を生成 (ATP2.5分）、4C鎖を再生する（CoAは除く）。
|-
|-
|6
|6
|[[substrate-level phosphorylation|substrate-level<br />phosphorylation]]
|[[substrate-level phosphorylation/ja|基質レベルの<br />リン酸化]]
|[[Succinyl-CoA]] + [[Guanosine diphosphate|GDP]] + [[Inorganic phosphate|P<sub>i</sub>]]
|[[Succinyl-CoA/ja]] + [[Guanosine diphosphate/ja|GDP]] + [[Inorganic phosphate/ja|P<sub>i</sub>]]
|[[Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase|Succinyl-CoA synthetase]]
|[[Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase/ja|スクシニル-CoA合成酵素]]
|[[Succinic acid|Succinate]] + CoA-SH + [[Guanosine triphosphate|GTP]]
|[[Succinic acid/ja|コハク酸塩]] + CoA-SH + [[Guanosine triphosphate/ja|GTP]]
|or [[adenosine diphosphate|ADP]]→[[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] instead of GDP→GTP, generates 1 ATP or equivalent.<br />[[Condensation reaction]] of [[Guanosine diphosphate|GDP]] + [[Inorganic phosphate|P<sub>i</sub>]] and [[hydrolysis]] of [[succinyl-CoA]] involve the H<sub>2</sub>O needed for balanced equation.
|あるいは、 GDP→GTPの代わりに[[adenosine diphosphate/ja|ADP]]→[[adenosine triphosphate/ja|ATP]]で1ATP生成される。<br /> [[Guanosine diphosphate/ja|GDP]]+[[Inorganic phosphate/ja|P<sub>i</sub>]]の[[Condensation reaction/ja|縮合反応]]と[[succinyl-CoA/ja|スクシニル-CoA]]の[[hydrolysis/ja|加水分解]]は平衡方程式に必要なH<sub>2</sub>Oを含む。
|-
|-
|7
|7
|[[Redox|Oxidation]]
|[[Redox/ja|酸化]]
|[[Succinate]] + [[ubiquinone]] (Q)
|[[Succinate/ja]] + [[ubiquinone/ja]] (Q)
|[[Succinate dehydrogenase]]
|[[Succinate dehydrogenase/ja]]
|[[Fumaric acid|Fumarate]] + [[ubiquinol]] (QH<sub>2</sub>)
|[[Fumaric acid/ja|フマル酸塩]] + [[ubiquinol/ja]] (QH<sub>2</sub>)
|uses [[Flavin adenine dinucleotide|FAD]] as a [[prosthetic group]] (FAD→FADH<sub>2</sub> in the first step of the reaction) in the enzyme.<br />These two electrons are later transferred to QH<sub>2</sub> during Complex II of the ETC, where they generate the equivalent of 1.5 ATP
|酵素の[[prosthetic group/ja|補欠基]]として[[Flavin adenine dinucleotide/ja|FAD]]を使用（反応の第一段階におけるFAD→FADH<sub>2</sub>）<br />この2つの電子は後にETCの複合体IIでQH<sub>2</sub>に移動し、そこで1.5ATPに相当する電子が生成される。
|-
|-
|8
|8
|[[Hydration reaction|Hydration]]
|[[Hydration reaction/ja|水分補給]]
|[[Fumarate]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Fumarate/ja]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Fumarase]]
|[[Fumarase/ja]]
|''L''-[[Malic acid|Malate]]
|''L''-[[Malic acid/ja|リンゴ酸塩]]
|Hydration of C-C double bond
|C-C二重結合の水和
|-
|-
|9
|9
|[[Redox|Oxidation]]
|[[Redox/ja|酸化]]
|[[Malate|<small>L</small>-Malate]] + NAD<sup>+</sup>
|[[Malate/ja|<small>L</small>-リンゴ酸塩]] + NAD<sup>+</sup>
|[[Malate dehydrogenase]]
|[[Malate dehydrogenase/ja]]
|[[Oxaloacetate]] + NADH + H<sup>+</sup>
|[[Oxaloacetate/ja]] + NADH + H<sup>+</sup>
|reversible (in fact, equilibrium favors malate), generates [[NADH]] (equivalent of 2.5 ATP)
|可逆的（実際には平衡はリンゴ酸に有利）、[[NADH/ja|NADH]]を生成する（2.5ATPに相当）
|-
|-
|10 / 0
|10 / 0
|[[Aldol condensation]]
|[[Aldol condensation/ja]]
|[[Oxaloacetic acid|Oxaloacetate]] + [[Acetyl CoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Oxaloacetic acid/ja|オキサロ酢酸]] + [[Acetyl CoA]] + H<sub>2</sub>O
|[[Citrate synthase]]
|[[Citrate synthase/ja]]
|[[Citric acid|Citrate]] + [[Coenzyme A|CoA-SH]]
|[[Citric acid/ja|クエン酸塩]] + [[Coenzyme A/ja|CoA-SH]]
|This is the same as step 0 and restarts the cycle. The reaction is irreversible and extends the 4C oxaloacetate to a 6C molecule
|これはステップ0と同じで、サイクルを再開する。この反応は不可逆的で、4Cのオキサロ酢酸を6Cの分子に拡張する。
|}
|}
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