Amino acid: Difference between revisions

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==General structure==

'''2-''', '''alpha-''', or '''α-amino acids''' have the generic [[Chemical formula|formula]] {{chem2|H2NCHRCOOH}} in most cases,{{efn|[[Proline]] and other cyclic amino acids are an exception to this general formula. Cyclization of the α-amino acid creates the corresponding secondary amine. These are occasionally referred to as [[imino acid]]s.}} where R is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] [[substituent]] known as a "[[Substituent|side chain]]".

'''2-''', '''alpha-''', or '''α-amino acids''' have the generic [[Chemical formula|formula]] {{chem2|H2NCHRCOOH}} in most cases, where R is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] [[substituent]] known as a "[[Substituent|side chain]]".

Of the many hundreds of described amino acids, 22 are [[Proteinogenic amino acid|proteinogenic]] ("protein-building"). It is these 22 compounds that combine to give a vast array of peptides and proteins assembled by [[Ribosome|ribosomes]]. Non-proteinogenic or modified amino acids may arise from [[post-translational modification]] or during [[nonribosomal peptide]] synthesis.

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 ==General structure==
 [[File:ProteinogenicAminoAcids.svg|thumb|600x600px|The 21 [[Proteinogenic amino acid|proteinogenic α-amino acids]] found in [[Eukaryote|eukaryotes]], grouped according to their side chains' [[PKa|p''K''<sub>a</sub>]] values and charges carried at [[PH#Living systems|physiological pH (7.4)]].]]
-'''2-''', '''alpha-''', or '''α-amino acids''' have the generic [[Chemical formula|formula]] {{chem2|H2NCHRCOOH}} in most cases,{{efn|[[Proline]] and other cyclic amino acids are an exception to this general formula. Cyclization of the α-amino acid creates the corresponding secondary amine. These are occasionally referred to as [[imino acid]]s.}} where R is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] [[substituent]] known as a "[[Substituent|side chain]]".
+'''2-''', '''alpha-''', or '''α-amino acids''' have the generic [[Chemical formula|formula]] {{chem2|H2NCHRCOOH}} in most cases, where R is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] [[substituent]] known as a "[[Substituent|side chain]]".
 Of the many hundreds of described amino acids, 22 are [[Proteinogenic amino acid|proteinogenic]] ("protein-building"). It is these 22 compounds that combine to give a vast array of peptides and proteins assembled by [[Ribosome|ribosomes]]. Non-proteinogenic or modified amino acids may arise from [[post-translational modification]] or during [[nonribosomal peptide]] synthesis.