Template:Catecholamine and trace amine biosynthesis: Difference between revisions

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| caption = {{{caption|In humans, [[catecholamine]]s and phenethylaminergic [[trace amine]]s are derived from the [[amino acid]] {{nowrap|[[Phenylalanine|L-phenylalanine]]}}.}}}

| header_background = {{{headerbg|#F0F8FF}}}

| header = {{{header|Biosynthetic pathways for [[catecholamine]]s and [[trace amine]]s in the [[human brain]]<ref name="Trace amine template 1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Broadley KJ | title = The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines | journal = Pharmacology & Therapeutics| volume = 125 | issue = 3 | pages = 363–375 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 19948186 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005}}</ref><ref name="Trace amine template 2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindemann L, Hoener MC | title = A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family | journal = Trends in Pharmacological Sciences| volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 274–281 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15860375 | doi = 10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007}}</ref><ref name="CYP2D6 tyramine-dopamine metabolism">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang X, Li J, Dong G, Yue J | title = The endogenous substrates of brain CYP2D | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology| volume = 724 | pages = 211–218 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24374199 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.025 | quote = }}</ref>}}}

| header = {{{header|Biosynthetic pathways for [[catecholamine]]s and [[trace amine]]s in the [[human brain]]}}}

| alt = Graphic of catecholamine and trace amine biosynthesis

| image = Catecholamine and trace amine biosynthesis.svg

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 | caption = {{{caption|In humans, [[catecholamine]]s and phenethylaminergic [[trace amine]]s are derived from the [[amino acid]] {{nowrap|[[Phenylalanine|L-phenylalanine]]}}.}}}
 | header_background = {{{headerbg|#F0F8FF}}}
-| header = {{{header|Biosynthetic pathways for [[catecholamine]]s and [[trace amine]]s in the [[human brain]]<ref name="Trace amine template 1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Broadley KJ | title = The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines | journal = Pharmacology & Therapeutics| volume = 125 | issue = 3 | pages = 363–375 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 19948186 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005}}</ref><ref name="Trace amine template 2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindemann L, Hoener MC | title = A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family | journal = Trends in Pharmacological Sciences| volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 274–281 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15860375 | doi = 10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007}}</ref><ref name="CYP2D6 tyramine-dopamine metabolism">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang X, Li J, Dong G, Yue J | title = The endogenous substrates of brain CYP2D | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology| volume = 724 | pages = 211–218 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24374199 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.025 | quote = <!-- The highest level of brain CYP2D activity was found in the substantia nigra&nbsp;... The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the contribution of the alternative CYP2D-mediated dopamine synthesis to the concentration of this neurotransmitter although the classic biosynthetic route to dopamine from tyrosine is active.&nbsp;... Tyramine levels are especially high in the basal ganglia and limbic system, which are thought to be related to individual behavior and emotion (Yu et al., 2003c).&nbsp;... Rat CYP2D isoforms (2D2/2D4/2D18) are less efficient than human CYP2D6 for the generation of dopamine from p-tyramine. The K<sub>m</sub> values of the CYP2D isoforms are as follows: CYP2D6 (87–121&nbsp;μm) ≈ CYP2D2 ≈ CYP2D18 > CYP2D4 (256&nbsp;μm) for m-tyramine and CYP2D4 (433&nbsp;μm) > CYP2D2 ≈ CYP2D6 > CYP2D18 (688&nbsp;μm) for p-tyramine -->}}</ref>}}}
+| header = {{{header|Biosynthetic pathways for [[catecholamine]]s and [[trace amine]]s in the [[human brain]]}}}
 | alt = Graphic of catecholamine and trace amine biosynthesis
 | image = Catecholamine and trace amine biosynthesis.svg