Medication: Difference between revisions

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The [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus|Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]], the oldest known medical text of any kind, dates to about 1800 BC and represents the first documented use of any kind of drug. It and other [[medical papyri|medical papyri]] describe [[Ancient Egyptian medicine|Ancient Egyptian medical practices]], such as using [[honey|honey]] to treat infections and the legs of bee-eaters to treat neck pains.

The [[:en:Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus|Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]], the oldest known medical text of any kind, dates to about 1800 BC and represents the first documented use of any kind of drug. It and other [[medical papyri|medical papyri]] describe [[Ancient Egyptian medicine|Ancient Egyptian medical practices]], such as using [[honey|honey]] to treat infections and the legs of bee-eaters to treat neck pains.

Ancient [[Babylonian medicine|Babylonian medicine]] demonstrated the use of medication in the first half of the [[2nd millennium BC|2nd millennium BC]]. [[Cream (pharmaceutical)|Medicinal creams]] and [[Pill (pharmacy)|pills]] were employed as treatments.

Ancient [[Babylonian medicine|Babylonian medicine]] demonstrated the use of medication in the first half of the [[:en:2nd millennium BC|2nd millennium BC]]. [[Cream (pharmaceutical)|Medicinal creams]] and [[Pill (pharmacy)|pills]] were employed as treatments.

On the Indian subcontinent, the [[Atharvaveda|Atharvaveda]], a sacred text of [[Hinduism|Hinduism]] whose core dates from the second millennium BC, although the hymns recorded in it are believed to be older, is the first Indic text dealing with medicine. It describes plant-based drugs to counter diseases. The earliest foundations of [[ayurveda|ayurveda]] were built on a synthesis of selected ancient herbal practices, together with a massive addition of theoretical conceptualizations, new [[nosology|nosologies]] and new therapies dating from about 400 BC onwards. The student of Āyurveda was expected to know ten arts that were indispensable in the preparation and application of his medicines: distillation, operative skills, cooking, horticulture, metallurgy, sugar manufacture, pharmacy, analysis and separation of minerals, compounding of metals, and preparation of [[alkalis|alkalis]].

On the Indian subcontinent, the [[:en:Atharvaveda|Atharvaveda]], a sacred text of [[:en:Hinduism|Hinduism]] whose core dates from the second millennium BC, although the hymns recorded in it are believed to be older, is the first Indic text dealing with medicine. It describes plant-based drugs to counter diseases. The earliest foundations of [[ayurveda|ayurveda]] were built on a synthesis of selected ancient herbal practices, together with a massive addition of theoretical conceptualizations, new [[:en:nosology|nosologies]] and new therapies dating from about 400 BC onwards. The student of Āyurveda was expected to know ten arts that were indispensable in the preparation and application of his medicines: distillation, operative skills, cooking, horticulture, metallurgy, sugar manufacture, pharmacy, analysis and separation of minerals, compounding of metals, and preparation of [[:en:alkalis|alkalis]].

The [[Hippocratic Oath|Hippocratic Oath]] for physicians, attributed to fifth century BC Greece, refers to the existence of "deadly drugs", and [[Medicine in ancient Greece|ancient Greek physicians]] imported drugs from Egypt and elsewhere. The [[pharmacopoeia|pharmacopoeia]] ''[[De materia medica|De materia medica]],'' written between 50 and 70 CE by the Greek physician [[Pedanius Dioscorides|Pedanius Dioscorides]], was widely read for more than 1,500 years.

The [[Hippocratic Oath|Hippocratic Oath]] for physicians, attributed to fifth century BC Greece, refers to the existence of "deadly drugs", and [[Medicine in ancient Greece|ancient Greek physicians]] imported drugs from Egypt and elsewhere. The [[pharmacopoeia|pharmacopoeia]] ''[[:en:De materia medica|De materia medica]],'' written between 50 and 70 CE by the Greek physician [[:en:Pedanius Dioscorides|Pedanius Dioscorides]], was widely read for more than 1,500 years.

===Medieval pharmacology===

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 <!--T:121-->
-The [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus|Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]], the oldest known medical text of any kind, dates to about 1800 BC and represents the first documented use of any kind of drug. It and other [[medical papyri|medical papyri]] describe [[Ancient Egyptian medicine|Ancient Egyptian medical practices]], such as using [[honey|honey]] to treat infections and the legs of bee-eaters to treat neck pains.
+The [[:en:Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus|Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]], the oldest known medical text of any kind, dates to about 1800 BC and represents the first documented use of any kind of drug. It and other [[medical papyri|medical papyri]] describe [[Ancient Egyptian medicine|Ancient Egyptian medical practices]], such as using [[honey|honey]] to treat infections and the legs of bee-eaters to treat neck pains.
 <!--T:122-->
-Ancient [[Babylonian medicine|Babylonian medicine]] demonstrated the use of medication in the first half of the [[2nd millennium BC|2nd millennium BC]]. [[Cream (pharmaceutical)|Medicinal creams]] and [[Pill (pharmacy)|pills]] were employed as treatments.
+Ancient [[Babylonian medicine|Babylonian medicine]] demonstrated the use of medication in the first half of the [[:en:2nd millennium BC|2nd millennium BC]]. [[Cream (pharmaceutical)|Medicinal creams]] and [[Pill (pharmacy)|pills]] were employed as treatments.
 <!--T:123-->
-On the Indian subcontinent, the [[Atharvaveda|Atharvaveda]], a sacred text of [[Hinduism|Hinduism]] whose core dates from the second millennium BC, although the hymns recorded in it are believed to be older, is the first Indic text dealing with medicine. It describes plant-based drugs to counter diseases. The earliest foundations of [[ayurveda|ayurveda]] were built on a synthesis of selected ancient herbal practices, together with a massive addition of theoretical conceptualizations, new [[nosology|nosologies]] and new therapies dating from about 400 BC onwards. The student of Āyurveda was expected to know ten arts that were indispensable in the preparation and application of his medicines: distillation, operative skills, cooking, horticulture, metallurgy, sugar manufacture, pharmacy, analysis and separation of minerals, compounding of metals, and preparation of [[alkalis|alkalis]].
+On the Indian subcontinent, the [[:en:Atharvaveda|Atharvaveda]], a sacred text of [[:en:Hinduism|Hinduism]] whose core dates from the second millennium BC, although the hymns recorded in it are believed to be older, is the first Indic text dealing with medicine. It describes plant-based drugs to counter diseases. The earliest foundations of [[ayurveda|ayurveda]] were built on a synthesis of selected ancient herbal practices, together with a massive addition of theoretical conceptualizations, new [[:en:nosology|nosologies]] and new therapies dating from about 400 BC onwards. The student of Āyurveda was expected to know ten arts that were indispensable in the preparation and application of his medicines: distillation, operative skills, cooking, horticulture, metallurgy, sugar manufacture, pharmacy, analysis and separation of minerals, compounding of metals, and preparation of [[:en:alkalis|alkalis]].
 <!--T:124-->
-The [[Hippocratic Oath|Hippocratic Oath]] for physicians, attributed to fifth century BC Greece, refers to the existence of "deadly drugs", and [[Medicine in ancient Greece|ancient Greek physicians]] imported drugs from Egypt and elsewhere. The [[pharmacopoeia|pharmacopoeia]] ''[[De materia medica|De materia medica]],'' written between 50 and 70 CE by the Greek physician [[Pedanius Dioscorides|Pedanius Dioscorides]], was widely read for more than 1,500 years.
+The [[Hippocratic Oath|Hippocratic Oath]] for physicians, attributed to fifth century BC Greece, refers to the existence of "deadly drugs", and [[Medicine in ancient Greece|ancient Greek physicians]] imported drugs from Egypt and elsewhere. The [[pharmacopoeia|pharmacopoeia]] ''[[:en:De materia medica|De materia medica]],'' written between 50 and 70 CE by the Greek physician [[:en:Pedanius Dioscorides|Pedanius Dioscorides]], was widely read for more than 1,500 years.
 ===Medieval pharmacology=== <!--T:125-->