Coffee production in Peru: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Peruvian Coffee Beans.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px|Terra Nera coffee beans]] | [[File:Peruvian Coffee Beans.jpg|thumbnail|left|220px|Terra Nera coffee beans]] | ||
In 1895, the ''[[Royal Society of Arts|Journal of the Society of Arts]]'' recorded that Peru was known for many years as a coffee-producing country, but the coffee grown on the coast was used primarily for domestic consumption, and it was only later that it developed as an exporting nation. | In 1895, the ''[[Royal Society of Arts|Journal of the Society of Arts]]'' recorded that Peru was known for many years as a coffee-producing country, but the coffee grown on the coast was used primarily for domestic consumption, and it was only later that it developed as an exporting nation. Coffee planting began, and coffee is still cultivated near the port of [[Pacasmayo]]. Coffee has been cultivated in the south, in the districts of [[Sandia, Peru|Sandia]] and [[Carabaya Province|Carabaya]], and in the centre of Peru in the valleys of [[Chanchamayu]], Viloc, and [[Aqumayu (Huánuco)|Huánuco]]. Production in Chanchamayo district was facilitated by the completion of the Central (or [[Rail transport in Peru|Oroya Railway]]) by the [[Peruvian Corporation]]. | ||
The Chanchamayu Valley, itself about {{convert|10|miles}} long, was in the hands of private plantation owners, while the [[Perené River|Perené]], Paucartambo, and Rio Colorado valleys, were later linked by railway. The first exports of coffee, to Germany and England, did not begin until 1887. | The Chanchamayu Valley, itself about {{convert|10|miles}} long, was in the hands of private plantation owners, while the [[Perené River|Perené]], Paucartambo, and Rio Colorado valleys, were later linked by railway. The first exports of coffee, to Germany and England, did not begin until 1887. | ||
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The three prominent coffee growing areas, located in the eastern slopes of the [[Andes]], are [[Chanchamayo, Junín|Chanchamayo]], the [[Amazonas (Peruvian department)|Amazonas]] and [[San Martín Region|San Martin]] regions, and the southern highlands. St Ignacio, close to the Ecuadorian border, is the centralized area of coffee plantations in northern Peru. Arabica is the dominant coffee crop, 70% of which is Typica, 20% is ''[[List of coffee varieties|caturra]]'', and the remainder being of other types. About 75% of the coffee growing area lies at an elevation range of {{Convert|1000|-|1800|m}}, and planting done in the shaded areas is to the extent of 2,000 plants per ha. Farming is done largely by small farmers, and coffee is handpicked. Organic coffee is grown on {{Convert|90000|ha}}. | The three prominent coffee growing areas, located in the eastern slopes of the [[Andes]], are [[Chanchamayo, Junín|Chanchamayo]], the [[Amazonas (Peruvian department)|Amazonas]] and [[San Martín Region|San Martin]] regions, and the southern highlands. St Ignacio, close to the Ecuadorian border, is the centralized area of coffee plantations in northern Peru. Arabica is the dominant coffee crop, 70% of which is Typica, 20% is ''[[List of coffee varieties|caturra]]'', and the remainder being of other types. About 75% of the coffee growing area lies at an elevation range of {{Convert|1000|-|1800|m}}, and planting done in the shaded areas is to the extent of 2,000 plants per ha. Farming is done largely by small farmers, and coffee is handpicked. Organic coffee is grown on {{Convert|90000|ha}}. | ||
Coffee production in 1893 was about 1,500 tons. | Coffee production in 1893 was about 1,500 tons. According to [[FAO]] statistics for 2013, coffee production was 256,241 tons from an area of {{Convert|399523|ha}} with a yield level of 6,414 hectogram per ha. | ||
Coffee produced in the country is mostly exported, and during 2012, 264,343 tons was exported to US, Germany, Belgium, Colombia, Sweden and others, while internal consumption was limited to about 10%. During 2014, [[coffee rust]] disease (''Hemileia vastatris'') affected {{Convert|130000|ha}} in the central highlands of the country causing a decline of 6% in production vis-à-vis the 2013 figure; compared to the highest ever production of 30,900 tons, the shortfall was 15%. | Coffee produced in the country is mostly exported, and during 2012, 264,343 tons was exported to US, Germany, Belgium, Colombia, Sweden and others, while internal consumption was limited to about 10%. During 2014, [[coffee rust]] disease (''Hemileia vastatris'') affected {{Convert|130000|ha}} in the central highlands of the country causing a decline of 6% in production vis-à-vis the 2013 figure; compared to the highest ever production of 30,900 tons, the shortfall was 15%. | ||