Ghee: Difference between revisions

Line 25:

== Etymology ==

The word ''ghee'' is borrowed from the Hindi word {{lang|hi|घी}} (''ghī''), which comes from {{langx|sa|घृत}} (''{{IAST|ghṛta-}}'', {{IPA|sa|ɡʱr̩tɐ|IPA}}) 'clarified butter', from the root {{lang|sa|घृ}}, {{lang|sa-Latn|ghṛ-}}, 'to sprinkle';<ref>as contrasted with {{lang|sa|नवनीत}}, {{lang|sa-Latn|navanīta}} 'fresh butter': Carl Darling Buck, ''A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages'', 1949, reprinted 1992 {{isbn|0226079376}}, p. 399, §5.89 'Butter'</ref> it is [[cognate]] with the [[Ancient Greek]] word {{lang|grc|χριστός}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|khristós}}, 'rubbed, anointed'), from which the English word ''[[Christ]]'' is derived.

The word ''ghee'' is borrowed from the Hindi word {{lang|hi|घी}} (''ghī''), which comes from {{langx|sa|घृत}} (''{{IAST|ghṛta-}}'', {{IPA|sa|ɡʱr̩tɐ|IPA}}) 'clarified butter', from the root {{lang|sa|घृ}}, {{lang|sa-Latn|ghṛ-}}, 'to sprinkle'; it is [[cognate]] with the [[Ancient Greek]] word {{lang|grc|χριστός}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|khristós}}, 'rubbed, anointed'), from which the English word ''[[Christ]]'' is derived.

== In Hinduism ==

Traditionally, ghee is made from [[bovine]] milk, either [[Cattle|cow]] or [[water buffalo]], and has been used in rituals since the [[Vedic period]]. It is a sacred requirement in [[Vedic]] ''[[Yagna|yajña]]'' and ''[[homa (ritual)|homa]]'' (fire rituals), through the medium of [[Agni]] (fire) to offer oblations to various deities (See: [[Yajurveda]]).

Fire rituals are utilized for ceremonies such as marriage and funerals. Ghee is required in Vedic worship of ''[[murti|mūrtis]]'' (divine deities), with ''[[aarti]]'' (offering of ghee lamp) called'' [[Diya (light)|diyā]]'' or ''dīpa'' and for ''Pañcāmṛta'' ([[Panchamruta]]) where ghee along with [[Rock candy#Misri|mishri]], [[honey]], [[milk]], and ''[[dahi (curd)|dahi]]'' (curd) is used for bathing the deities on the appearance day of [[Krishna]] on [[Janmashtami]], ''Śiva'' ([[Shiva]]) on ''Mahā-śivarātrī'' ([[Maha Shivaratri]]). There is a [[hymn]] to ghee.~~<ref>''Language and Style of the Vedic Rsis'', Tatyana Jakovlevna Elizarenkova (C) 1995, p. 18.</ref>~~ In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Kaurava]]'' were born from pots of ghee.

Fire rituals are utilized for ceremonies such as marriage and funerals. Ghee is required in Vedic worship of ''[[murti|mūrtis]]'' (divine deities), with ''[[aarti]]'' (offering of ghee lamp) called'' [[Diya (light)|diyā]]'' or ''dīpa'' and for ''Pañcāmṛta'' ([[Panchamruta]]) where ghee along with [[Rock candy#Misri|mishri]], [[honey]], [[milk]], and ''[[dahi (curd)|dahi]]'' (curd) is used for bathing the deities on the appearance day of [[Krishna]] on [[Janmashtami]], ''Śiva'' ([[Shiva]]) on ''Mahā-śivarātrī'' ([[Maha Shivaratri]]). There is a [[hymn]] to ghee. In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Kaurava]]'' were born from pots of ghee.

Ghee is also used in ''[[bhang]]'' in order to heat the [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] to cause [[decarboxylation]], making the drink [[psychoactive]].

Line 78:

== Composition ==

Ghee may be made of milk from various [[Domestication of animals|domesticated]] [[ungulate]]s, such as cows, buffaloes and sheep. The composition of ghee varies depending on the animal whose milk has been used. The [[vitamin A]] content ranged from 315 to 375 μg per 100 grams.~~<ref name=fc/>~~ [[Palmitic acid]] and [[oleic acid]] were two of the main fatty acids found in both cow and sheep ghee. The saturated fatty acid profile was 53.9 to 66.8%, the unsaturated fatty acid profile was 22.8 to 38.0% and the other fatty acids was 3.5 to 10.4%. [[Cholesterol]] amounts ranged from 252 to 284 mg/100 grams.

Ghee may be made of milk from various [[Domestication of animals|domesticated]] [[ungulate]]s, such as cows, buffaloes and sheep. The composition of ghee varies depending on the animal whose milk has been used. The [[vitamin A]] content ranged from 315 to 375 μg per 100 grams. [[Palmitic acid]] and [[oleic acid]] were two of the main fatty acids found in both cow and sheep ghee. The saturated fatty acid profile was 53.9 to 66.8%, the unsaturated fatty acid profile was 22.8 to 38.0% and the other fatty acids was 3.5 to 10.4%. [[Cholesterol]] amounts ranged from 252 to 284 mg/100 grams.

== Market ==

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 == Etymology ==
-The word ''ghee'' is borrowed from the Hindi word {{lang|hi|घी}} (''ghī''), which comes from {{langx|sa|घृत}} (''{{IAST|ghṛta-}}'', {{IPA|sa|ɡʱr̩tɐ|IPA}}) 'clarified butter', from the root {{lang|sa|घृ}}, {{lang|sa-Latn|ghṛ-}}, 'to sprinkle';<ref>as contrasted with {{lang|sa|नवनीत}}, {{lang|sa-Latn|navanīta}} 'fresh butter': Carl Darling Buck, ''A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages'', 1949, reprinted 1992 {{isbn|0226079376}}, p. 399, §5.89 'Butter'</ref> it is [[cognate]] with the [[Ancient Greek]] word {{lang|grc|χριστός}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|khristós}}, 'rubbed, anointed'), from which the English word ''[[Christ]]'' is derived.
+The word ''ghee'' is borrowed from the Hindi word {{lang|hi|घी}} (''ghī''), which comes from {{langx|sa|घृत}} (''{{IAST|ghṛta-}}'', {{IPA|sa|ɡʱr̩tɐ|IPA}}) 'clarified butter', from the root {{lang|sa|घृ}}, {{lang|sa-Latn|ghṛ-}}, 'to sprinkle'; it is [[cognate]] with the [[Ancient Greek]] word {{lang|grc|χριστός}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|khristós}}, 'rubbed, anointed'), from which the English word ''[[Christ]]'' is derived.
 == In Hinduism ==
 Traditionally, ghee is made from [[bovine]] milk, either [[Cattle|cow]] or [[water buffalo]], and has been used in rituals since the [[Vedic period]]. It is a sacred requirement in [[Vedic]] ''[[Yagna|yajña]]'' and ''[[homa (ritual)|homa]]'' (fire rituals), through the medium of [[Agni]] (fire) to offer oblations to various deities (See: [[Yajurveda]]).
-Fire rituals are utilized for ceremonies such as marriage and funerals. Ghee is required in Vedic worship of ''[[murti|mūrtis]]'' (divine deities), with ''[[aarti]]'' (offering of ghee lamp) called'' [[Diya (light)|diyā]]'' or ''dīpa'' and for ''Pañcāmṛta'' ([[Panchamruta]]) where ghee along with [[Rock candy#Misri|mishri]], [[honey]], [[milk]], and ''[[dahi (curd)|dahi]]'' (curd) is used for bathing the deities on the appearance day of [[Krishna]] on [[Janmashtami]], ''Śiva'' ([[Shiva]]) on ''Mahā-śivarātrī'' ([[Maha Shivaratri]]). There is a [[hymn]] to ghee.<ref>''Language and Style of the Vedic Rsis'', Tatyana Jakovlevna Elizarenkova (C) 1995, p. 18.</ref> In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Kaurava]]'' were born from pots of ghee.
+Fire rituals are utilized for ceremonies such as marriage and funerals. Ghee is required in Vedic worship of ''[[murti|mūrtis]]'' (divine deities), with ''[[aarti]]'' (offering of ghee lamp) called'' [[Diya (light)|diyā]]'' or ''dīpa'' and for ''Pañcāmṛta'' ([[Panchamruta]]) where ghee along with [[Rock candy#Misri|mishri]], [[honey]], [[milk]], and ''[[dahi (curd)|dahi]]'' (curd) is used for bathing the deities on the appearance day of [[Krishna]] on [[Janmashtami]], ''Śiva'' ([[Shiva]]) on ''Mahā-śivarātrī'' ([[Maha Shivaratri]]). There is a [[hymn]] to ghee. In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the ''[[Kaurava]]'' were born from pots of ghee.
 Ghee is also used in ''[[bhang]]'' in order to heat the [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] to cause [[decarboxylation]], making the drink [[psychoactive]].
@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 == Composition ==
-Ghee may be made of milk from various [[Domestication of animals|domesticated]] [[ungulate]]s, such as cows, buffaloes and sheep. The composition of ghee varies depending on the animal whose milk has been used. The [[vitamin A]] content ranged from 315 to 375 μg per 100 grams.<ref name=fc/> [[Palmitic acid]] and [[oleic acid]] were two of the main fatty acids found in both cow and sheep ghee. The saturated fatty acid profile was 53.9 to 66.8%, the unsaturated fatty acid profile was 22.8 to 38.0% and the other fatty acids was 3.5 to 10.4%. [[Cholesterol]] amounts ranged from 252 to 284&nbsp;mg/100 grams.
+Ghee may be made of milk from various [[Domestication of animals|domesticated]] [[ungulate]]s, such as cows, buffaloes and sheep. The composition of ghee varies depending on the animal whose milk has been used. The [[vitamin A]] content ranged from 315 to 375 μg per 100 grams. [[Palmitic acid]] and [[oleic acid]] were two of the main fatty acids found in both cow and sheep ghee. The saturated fatty acid profile was 53.9 to 66.8%, the unsaturated fatty acid profile was 22.8 to 38.0% and the other fatty acids was 3.5 to 10.4%. [[Cholesterol]] amounts ranged from 252 to 284&nbsp;mg/100 grams.
 == Market ==