Common cold: Difference between revisions

Line 17:

| differential = [[Allergic rhinitis]], [[bronchitis]], [[bronchiolitis]], [[pertussis]], [[sinusitis]]

| prevention = [[Hand washing]], cough etiquette, [[social distancing]], [[vitamin C]]

| treatment = [[symptomatic treatment|Symptomatic therapy]],~~<ref name=CDC2015/>~~ [[zinc]]

| treatment = [[symptomatic treatment|Symptomatic therapy]], [[zinc]]

| medication = [[NSAIDs]]~~<ref name=Kim2015/>~~

| medication = [[NSAIDs]]

| frequency = 2–3 per year (adults)<br /> 6–8 per year (children)

| deaths =

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===Progression===

[[File:Cold symptoms cdc.jpg|Cold symptoms over time|thumb]]

A cold usually begins with fatigue, a feeling of being chilled, sneezing, and a headache, followed in a couple of days by a runny nose and cough.~~<ref name=E24/>~~ Symptoms may begin within sixteen hours of exposure and typically peak two to four days after onset. They usually resolve in seven to ten days, but some can last for up to three weeks.~~<ref name=Heik2003/>~~ The average duration of cough is eighteen days and in some cases people develop a [[post-viral cough]] which can linger after the infection is gone.

A cold usually begins with fatigue, a feeling of being chilled, sneezing, and a headache, followed in a couple of days by a runny nose and cough. Symptoms may begin within sixteen hours of exposure and typically peak two to four days after onset. They usually resolve in seven to ten days, but some can last for up to three weeks. The average duration of cough is eighteen days and in some cases people develop a [[post-viral cough]] which can linger after the infection is gone.

==Causes==

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==Research directions==

[[Antiviral drug|Antivirals]] have been tested for effectiveness in the common cold; as of 2009, none had been both found effective and licensed for use. There are trials of the anti-viral drug [[pleconaril]] which shows promise against [[picornavirus]]es as well as trials of BTA-798. The oral form of pleconaril had safety issues and an aerosol form is being studied.~~<ref name=E226/>~~ The [[genome]]s of all known human rhinovirus strains have been sequenced.

[[Antiviral drug|Antivirals]] have been tested for effectiveness in the common cold; as of 2009, none had been both found effective and licensed for use. There are trials of the anti-viral drug [[pleconaril]] which shows promise against [[picornavirus]]es as well as trials of BTA-798. The oral form of pleconaril had safety issues and an aerosol form is being studied. The [[genome]]s of all known human rhinovirus strains have been sequenced.

==Societal impact==

The economic impact of the common cold is not well understood in much of the world. In the United States, the common cold leads to 75–100 million physician visits annually at a conservative cost estimate of $7.7 billion per year. Americans spend $2.9 billion on over-the-counter drugs and another $400 million on prescription medicines for symptom relief. More than one-third of people who saw a doctor received an antibiotic prescription, which has implications for [[antibiotic resistance]].~~<ref name=Frend03/>~~ An estimated 22–189 million school days are missed annually due to a cold. As a result, parents missed 126 million workdays to stay home to care for their children. When added to the 150 million workdays missed by employees who have a cold, the total economic impact of cold-related work loss exceeds $20 billion per year. This accounts for 40% of time lost from work in the United States.

The economic impact of the common cold is not well understood in much of the world. In the United States, the common cold leads to 75–100 million physician visits annually at a conservative cost estimate of $7.7 billion per year. Americans spend $2.9 billion on over-the-counter drugs and another $400 million on prescription medicines for symptom relief. More than one-third of people who saw a doctor received an antibiotic prescription, which has implications for [[antibiotic resistance]]. An estimated 22–189 million school days are missed annually due to a cold. As a result, parents missed 126 million workdays to stay home to care for their children. When added to the 150 million workdays missed by employees who have a cold, the total economic impact of cold-related work loss exceeds $20 billion per year. This accounts for 40% of time lost from work in the United States.

'''Bibliography'''

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 | differential  = [[Allergic rhinitis]], [[bronchitis]], [[bronchiolitis]], [[pertussis]], [[sinusitis]]
 | prevention    = [[Hand washing]], cough etiquette, [[social distancing]], [[vitamin C]]
-| treatment     = [[symptomatic treatment|Symptomatic therapy]],<ref name=CDC2015/> [[zinc]]
+| treatment     = [[symptomatic treatment|Symptomatic therapy]], [[zinc]]
-| medication    = [[NSAIDs]]<ref name=Kim2015/>
+| medication    = [[NSAIDs]]
 | frequency     = 2–3 per year (adults)<br /> 6–8 per year (children)
 | deaths        =
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 ===Progression===
 [[File:Cold symptoms cdc.jpg|Cold symptoms over time|thumb]]
-A cold usually begins with fatigue, a feeling of being chilled, sneezing, and a headache, followed in a couple of days by a runny nose and cough.<ref name=E24/> Symptoms may begin within sixteen hours of exposure and typically peak two to four days after onset. They usually resolve in seven to ten days, but some can last for up to three weeks.<ref name=Heik2003/> The average duration of cough is eighteen days and in some cases people develop a [[post-viral cough]] which can linger after the infection is gone.
+A cold usually begins with fatigue, a feeling of being chilled, sneezing, and a headache, followed in a couple of days by a runny nose and cough. Symptoms may begin within sixteen hours of exposure and typically peak two to four days after onset. They usually resolve in seven to ten days, but some can last for up to three weeks. The average duration of cough is eighteen days and in some cases people develop a [[post-viral cough]] which can linger after the infection is gone.
 ==Causes==
@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 ==Research directions==
-[[Antiviral drug|Antivirals]] have been tested for effectiveness in the common cold; as of 2009, none had been both found effective and licensed for use. There are trials of the anti-viral drug [[pleconaril]] which shows promise against [[picornavirus]]es as well as trials of BTA-798. The oral form of pleconaril had safety issues and an aerosol form is being studied.<ref name=E226/> The [[genome]]s of all known human rhinovirus strains have been sequenced.
+[[Antiviral drug|Antivirals]] have been tested for effectiveness in the common cold; as of 2009, none had been both found effective and licensed for use. There are trials of the anti-viral drug [[pleconaril]] which shows promise against [[picornavirus]]es as well as trials of BTA-798. The oral form of pleconaril had safety issues and an aerosol form is being studied. The [[genome]]s of all known human rhinovirus strains have been sequenced.
 ==Societal impact==
-The economic impact of the common cold is not well understood in much of the world. In the United States, the common cold leads to 75–100 million physician visits annually at a conservative cost estimate of $7.7 billion per year. Americans spend $2.9 billion on over-the-counter drugs and another $400 million on prescription medicines for symptom relief. More than one-third of people who saw a doctor received an antibiotic prescription, which has implications for [[antibiotic resistance]].<ref name=Frend03/> An estimated 22–189 million school days are missed annually due to a cold. As a result, parents missed 126 million workdays to stay home to care for their children. When added to the 150 million workdays missed by employees who have a cold, the total economic impact of cold-related work loss exceeds $20 billion per year. This accounts for 40% of time lost from work in the United States.
+The economic impact of the common cold is not well understood in much of the world. In the United States, the common cold leads to 75–100 million physician visits annually at a conservative cost estimate of $7.7 billion per year. Americans spend $2.9 billion on over-the-counter drugs and another $400 million on prescription medicines for symptom relief. More than one-third of people who saw a doctor received an antibiotic prescription, which has implications for [[antibiotic resistance]]. An estimated 22–189 million school days are missed annually due to a cold. As a result, parents missed 126 million workdays to stay home to care for their children. When added to the 150 million workdays missed by employees who have a cold, the total economic impact of cold-related work loss exceeds $20 billion per year. This accounts for 40% of time lost from work in the United States.
 '''Bibliography'''