Enzyme/ja: Difference between revisions

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~~Enzymes serve a wide variety of~~ [[function (biology)|~~functions~~]] ~~inside living organisms. They are indispensable for~~ [[~~signal transduction~~]] ~~and cell regulation, often via~~ [[~~kinase~~]]~~s and~~ [[~~phosphatase~~]]~~s. They also generate movement, with~~ [[myosin]] ~~hydrolyzing~~ [[adenosine triphosphate]] ~~(ATP) to generate~~ [[muscle contraction]]~~, and also transport cargo around the cell as part of the~~ [[cytoskeleton]]~~. Other~~ [[ATPase]]~~s in the cell membrane are~~ [[ion pump (biology)|~~ion pumps~~]] ~~involved in~~ [[~~active transport~~]]~~. Enzymes are also involved in more exotic functions, such as~~ [[luciferase]] ~~generating light in [[fireflies]].~~ [[Virus]]~~es can also contain enzymes for infecting cells, such as the~~ [[HIV integrase]] ~~and~~ [[reverse transcriptase]]~~, or for viral release from cells, like the~~ [[influenza]] ~~virus~~ [[neuraminidase]].

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+酵素は、生体内で多種多様な[[function (biology)/ja|機能]]を果たしている。それらは[[kinase/ja|キナーゼ]]や[[phosphatase/ja|ホスファターゼ]]を介して、しばしば[[signal transduction/ja|シグナル伝達]]や細胞調節に不可欠である。また、[[myosin/ja|ミオシン]]が[[adenosine triphosphate/ja|アデノシン三リン酸]]（ATP）を加水分解して[[muscle contraction/ja|筋収縮]]を起こすことで運動を生成したり、[[cytoskeleton/ja|細胞骨格]]の一部として細胞内を荷物を運搬したりする。細胞膜における他の[[ATPase/ja|ATPアーゼ]]は、[[active transport/ja|活性輸送]]に関与する[[ion pump (biology)/ja|イオンポンプ]]である。酵素はまた、[[:en:fireflies|ホタル]]の光を発生させる[[luciferase/ja|ルシフェラーゼ]]のような、よりエキゾチックな機能にも関与している。[[Virus/ja|ウイルス]]には、[[HIV integrase/ja|HIVインテグラーゼ]]や[[reverse transcriptase/ja|逆転写酵素]]のように細胞に感染するための酵素や、[[influenza/ja|インフルエンザ]]ウイルスの[[neuraminidase/ja|ノイラミニダーゼ]]のように細胞からウイルスを放出するための酵素も含まれている。
-Enzymes serve a wide variety of [[function (biology)|functions]] inside living organisms. They are indispensable for [[signal transduction]] and cell regulation, often via [[kinase]]s and [[phosphatase]]s. They also generate movement, with [[myosin]] hydrolyzing [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP) to generate [[muscle contraction]], and also transport cargo around the cell as part of the [[cytoskeleton]]. Other [[ATPase]]s in the cell membrane are [[ion pump (biology)|ion pumps]] involved in [[active transport]]. Enzymes are also involved in more exotic functions, such as [[luciferase]] generating light in [[fireflies]]. [[Virus]]es can also contain enzymes for infecting cells, such as the [[HIV integrase]] and [[reverse transcriptase]], or for viral release from cells, like the [[influenza]] virus [[neuraminidase]].
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