Pork/ja: Difference between revisions

Pork/ja
Created page with "豚肉"
 
Created page with "thumb|right|19世紀中頃の[[:en:France|フランスで処理されるブタ]] シャルキュトリは、ベーコンハムソーセージ、''テリーヌ''、''ガランティーヌ''、''パテ''、''コンフィ''など、主にブタから作られる加工肉製品に特化し..."
 
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[[File:Schweinebauch-2.jpg|thumb|[[Pork belly/ja|豚バラ肉]]のカット、筋肉と脂肪の層を示す]]
{{short description|Meat from a pig}}
[[File:Roast Pig 1.JPG|thumb|[[rotisserie/ja|ロティサリー]]でゆっくりと焼かれる豚の丸焼き]]
[[File:Schweinebauch-2.jpg|thumb|[[Pork belly]] cut, showing layers of muscle and fat]]
[[File:Roast Pig 1.JPG|thumb|A pig being slow-roasted on a [[rotisserie]]]]
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'''豚肉'''[[pig/ja|ブタ]](''Sus domesticus'')の[[meat/ja|肉]]に対する[[culinary name/ja|料理名]]である。世界で最も一般的に消費されている肉であり、ブタの[[:en:animal husbandry|飼育]]は紀元前8000年から9000年にまで遡る証拠がある。
'''Pork''' is the [[culinary name]] for the [[meat]] of the [[pig]] (''Sus domesticus''). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig [[animal husbandry|husbandry]] dating back to 8000–9000&nbsp;BCE.
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豚肉は、調理したての状態でも、[[Curing (food preservation)/ja|保存処理]]を施した状態でも食される。保存処理によって豚肉製品の[[shelf life/ja|保存期間]]は延長される。[[Ham/ja|ハム]][[Gammon (meat)/ja|ガモン]][[bacon/ja|ベーコン]][[sausage/ja|ポークソーセージ]]は、保存された豚肉の例である。[[Charcuterie/ja|シャルキュトリ]]は、豚肉を含む[[cooking/ja|調理]]済み[[meat/ja|肉]]製品に特化した料理分野である。
Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; [[Curing (food preservation)|curing]] extends the [[shelf life]] of pork products. [[Ham]], [[Gammon (meat)|gammon]], [[bacon]], and [[sausage|pork sausage]] are examples of preserved pork. [[Charcuterie]] is the branch of [[cooking]] devoted to prepared [[meat]] products, many from pork.
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豚肉は[[:en:Western world|西洋]]、特に[[:en:Central Europe|中欧]]で最も人気のある肉である。また、[[:en:East Asia|東アジア]][[:en:Southeast Asia|東南アジア]][[:en:Mainland Southeast Asia|大陸部東南アジア]][[:en:Philippines|フィリピン]][[:en:Singapore|シンガポール]][[:en:East Timor|東ティモール]])でも非常に人気がある。この肉は、その脂肪分と食感のために、[[Asian cuisine/ja|アジア料理]]、特に[[:en:China|中国]][[:en:Hong Kong|香港]]を含む)や[[:en:Northeast India|インド北東部]]において高く評価されている。
Pork is the most popular meat in the [[Western world]], particularly in [[Central Europe]]. It is also very popular in [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]] ([[Mainland Southeast Asia]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]], and [[East Timor]]). The meat is highly prized in [[Asian cuisine]]s, especially in [[China]] (including [[Hong Kong]]) and [[Northeast India]], for its fat content and texture.
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一部の宗教や文化では[[:en:Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork|豚肉の摂取を禁じて]]おり、特に[[:en:Islamic dietary laws|イスラム教]][[:en:Kashrut|ユダヤ教]]の教義において顕著である。
Some religions and cultures [[Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork|prohibit pork consumption]], notably [[Islamic dietary laws|Islam]] and [[Kashrut|Judaism]].
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== 歴史 ==
== History ==
{{See also/ja|:en:Charcuterie|:en:Animal husbandry#History}}
{{See also|Charcuterie|Animal husbandry#History}}
ブタは紀元前13000年頃に[[:en:Mesopotamia|メソポタミア]]で家畜化された。ブタは[[:en:ancient China|古代中国]]でも最も早く家畜化された動物の一つであり、[[:en:Cishan culture|磁山文化]]において紀元前6000年(約8000年前)からブタの家畜化の証拠が見られる。
Pigs were domesticated in [[Mesopotamia]] around 13,000 BC. The pig appears to have been among the earliest domesticated animals in [[ancient China]], with evidence for pig domestication at [[Cishan culture|Cishan]] from around 8000 BP (6,000 BC).
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[[File:1850 le depecage de porc par Louis Humbert de Molard 1847 1898.jpg|thumb|right|19世紀中頃の[[:en:France|フランス]]で処理されるブタ]]
[[File:1850 le depecage de porc par Louis Humbert de Molard 1847 1898.jpg|thumb|right|Pig being prepared in [[France]] during the mid-19th century.]]
シャルキュトリは、[[bacon/ja|ベーコン]][[ham/ja|ハム]][[sausage/ja|ソーセージ]]''[[Terrine (food)/ja|テリーヌ]]''''[[galantine/ja|ガランティーヌ]]''''[[pâtés/ja|パテ]]''''[[confit/ja|コンフィ]]''など、主にブタから作られる加工肉製品に特化した料理分野である。これらの加工は元来、冷蔵技術が登場する以前に肉を保存する方法として行われていたが、現在では保存処理によって生まれる風味を目的として調理されている。15世紀の[[:en:France|フランス]]では、各都市における食品生産業の職人は地域の[[:en:guild|ギルド]]によって規制されていた。シャルキュトリ製品を扱っていたのは''charcutiers''のギルドであり、その構成員は調理済みまたは塩漬け・乾燥処理された肉を地域ごとの特色ある方法で製造していた。''charcutiers''が販売を許可されていた唯一の「生肉」は[[rendering (food processing)/ja|未精製]][[lard/ja|ラード]]であった。''charcutier''は、''パテ''''[[rillettes/ja|リエット]]''[[sausage/ja|ソーセージ]][[bacon/ja|ベーコン]][[Pig's trotters/ja|豚足]][[head cheese/ja|ヘッドチーズ]]など、様々な製品を調製した。
Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products such as [[bacon]], [[ham]], [[sausage]], ''[[Terrine (food)|terrines]]'', ''[[galantine]]s'', ''[[pâtés]]'' and ''[[confit]]'', primarily from pig. Originally intended as a way to preserve meats before the advent of refrigeration, these preparations are prepared today for the flavors that are derived from the preservation processes. In 15th-century [[France]], local [[guild]]s regulated tradesmen in the food production industry in each city. The guilds that produced ''charcuterie'' were those of the ''charcutiers''. The members of this guild produced a traditional range of cooked or salted and dried meats, which varied, sometimes distinctively, from region to region. The only "raw" meat the ''charcutiers'' were allowed to sell was [[rendering (food processing)|unrendered]] [[lard]]. The ''charcutier'' prepared numerous items, including ''pâtés'', ''[[rillettes]]'', [[sausage]]s, [[bacon]], [[Pig's trotters|trotters]], and [[head cheese]].
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==料理ギャラリー==
== Gallery of dishes ==
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<gallery mode=packed>
File:Sweet and sour pork.jpg|[[Sweet and sour]] pork, a [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]] dish that is popular in [[Europe]] and the [[Americas]]
File:Sweet and sour pork.jpg|[[Sweet and sour pork/ja|酢豚]][[Chinese cuisine/ja|中華料理]][[:en:Europe|ヨーロッパ]][[:en:Americas|アメリカ大陸]]で人気のある料理
File:Gongwantan.JPG|Chinese pork ball soup
File:Gongwantan.JPG|中華風肉団子スープ
File:萬巒豬腳 (4434285909).jpg|Wan luan pork hock, a type of Chinese braised pork knuckles
File:萬巒豬腳 (4434285909).jpg|[[Wanluan pig's trotter/ja|萬巒豬脚]]、中華風豚足の[[Braised meat/ja|煮込み]]
File:TaiwaneseBraisedPork khòng-bah.jpg|Chinese braised pork
File:TaiwaneseBraisedPork khòng-bah.jpg|中華風[[Braised pork/ja|豚の角煮]]
File:Pig's blood cakes.jpg|Chinese pig's blood cakes
File:Pig's blood cakes.jpg|中華風[[Pig's blood cake/ja|豚の血のケーキ]]
File:DongPoRou.jpg|Chinese [[Dongpo pork]]
File:DongPoRou.jpg|中華風[[Dongpo pork/ja|東坡肉]]
File:Food 焢肉飯 台北 (24735872013).jpg|Chinese [[braised pork rice]]
File:Food 焢肉飯 台北 (24735872013).jpg|中華風[[Braised pork rice/ja|焢肉飯]]
File:Lurou fan(Taiwanese cuisine).jpg|Chinese [[minced pork rice]]
File:Lurou fan(Taiwanese cuisine).jpg|中華風[[Minced pork rice/ja|魯肉飯]]
File:Chinese dried pork belly in Hong Kong.jpg|Dried pork bellies in a Chinese restaurant in [[Tsuen Wan]], Hong Kong
File:Chinese dried pork belly in Hong Kong.jpg|香港[[:en:Tsuen Wan|荃湾]]の中華料理店にある[[Pork belly/ja|豚バラ肉]]の干物
File:Steamed pork bally with salted fish.jpg|Steamed pork with [[salted fish]]
File:Steamed pork bally with salted fish.jpg|[[Salted fish/ja|塩漬け魚]]と豚バラ肉の蒸し物
File:Mixed noodles with pork.jpg|Fried noodle with [[charsiu]]
File:Mixed noodles with pork.jpg|[[Char siu/ja|チャーシュー]]入り焼きそば
File:Tonkatsu set by banej in Singapore.jpg|[[Tonkatsu]], [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]] [[breaded]] deep-fried pork [[cutlet]]
File:Tonkatsu set by banej in Singapore.jpg|[[Tonkatsu/ja|とんかつ]][[Japanese cuisine/ja|日本料理]][[Breaded cutlet/ja|パン粉]]をまぶして揚げた豚肉の[[Cutlet/ja|カツレツ]]
File:Khao mu krop mu daeng in Nong Khai.jpg|''Khao mu krop mu daeng'', [[Thai cuisine|Thai]] crispy and red pork
File:Khao mu krop mu daeng in Nong Khai.jpg|''[[Khao mu krop mu daeng/ja|カオ・ムー・クロップ・ムー・デーン]]''[[Thai cuisine/ja|タイ料理]]のカリカリ豚肉と赤豚肉
File:Bakutteh.jpg|''[[Bak kut teh]]'', [[pork ribs]] and [[offal]] soup of [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]
File:Bakutteh.jpg|''[[Bak kut teh/ja|バクテー]]''[[:en:Malaysia|マレーシア]][[:en:Singapore|シンガポール]][[Pork ribs/ja|豚スペアリブ]][[Offal/ja|内臓]]のスープ
File:Panggang 2.JPG|[[Batak cuisine|Batak]]-style ''[[babi panggang]]'', roasted pork belly of [[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesia]]
File:Panggang 2.JPG|[[Batak cuisine/ja|バタク族]]''[[Babi panggang/ja|バビ・パンガン]]''[[Indonesian cuisine/ja|インドネシア料理]]の豚バラ肉の丸焼き
File:Lechon.jpg|''[[Lechon|Lechón]]'' being roasted in [[Cadiz City]], Philippines
File:Lechon.jpg|[[Lechon/ja|レチョン]]、フィリピンの[[:en:Cadiz City|カディス市]]で丸焼きにされている豚
File:Vindalho.jpg|Pork [[vindaloo]], spicy pork curry from [[India]]
File:Vindalho.jpg|[[Vindaloo/ja|ヴィンダルー]][[:en:India|インド]]のスパイシーな豚肉カレー
File:Pork Curry - Kerala - IMG 20210405 123049.jpg|Pork curry from South India
File:Pork Curry - Kerala - IMG 20210405 123049.jpg|南インドのポークカレー
File:Nepali pork curry.jpg|Pork curry, a stir-fried, often spicy curry from Nepal
File:Nepali pork curry.jpg|ポークカレー、ネパールの[[Stir frying/ja|炒め物]]、しばしばスパイシーなカレー
File:02 Galizische Spezialitäten, Rudawka Rymanowska 2013.JPG|Pork ''[[kielbasa]]'', a [[Polish cuisine|Polish]] sausage
File:02 Galizische Spezialitäten, Rudawka Rymanowska 2013.JPG|豚肉の''[[Kielbasa/ja|キルバサ]]''[[Polish cuisine/ja|ポーランド]]のソーセージ
File:01 Schäufele und Knödel.jpg|''[[Schäufele]] (Franconian variant)'', pork shoulder dish of southern [[Cuisine of Germany|Germany]]
File:01 Schäufele und Knödel.jpg|''[[Schäufele/ja|シャウフェレ]](フランケン風)''[[Cuisine of Germany/ja|ドイツ南部]]の豚肩肉料理
File:Pork .JPG|A traditional [[Austria]]n pork dish, served with potato [[croquette]]s, [[vegetable]]s, [[mushroom]]s and [[gravy]]
File:Pork .JPG|伝統的な[[:en:Austria|オーストリア]]の豚肉料理、ジャガイモの[[Croquette/ja|コロッケ]][[Vegetable/ja|野菜]][[Mushroom/ja|キノコ]][[Gravy/ja|グレービーソース]]添え
File:Filet de Porc à la Bordelaise.JPG|''Filet de porc à la bordelaise'', a [[French cuisine|French]]-style [[pork tenderloin]].
File:Filet de Porc à la Bordelaise.JPG|''[[Pork tenderloin/ja|フィレ・ド・ポーク・ア・ラ・ボルドレーズ]]''[[French cuisine/ja|フランス]]風の豚ヒレ肉。
File:Feijoada in Belgium.jpg|''[[Feijoada]]'', typical [[Portuguese cuisine|Portuguese]] pork with beans, is the national dish of [[Brazilian cuisine|Brazil]].
File:Feijoada in Belgium.jpg|''[[Feijoada/ja|フェイジョアーダ]]''、代表的な[[Portuguese cuisine/ja|ポルトガル料理]]の豆と豚肉の煮込み、[[Brazilian cuisine/ja|ブラジル]]の国民的料理。
File:Chicharron ancashino 20100711.JPG|''[[Chicharrón]]'', [[Spanish cuisine|Spanish]] fried [[pork rinds]], widely distributed in the [[Hispanic]] world
File:Chicharron ancashino 20100711.JPG|''[[Chicharrón/ja|チチャロン]]''[[Spanish cuisine/ja|スペイン料理]]の揚げ[[Pork rind/ja|豚の皮]][[:en:Hispanic|ヒスパニック系]]の世界に広く普及
File:Bacon Explosion finished.JPG|[[Cuisine of the United States|United States']] [[Bacon Explosion]]
File:Bacon Explosion finished.JPG|[[Cuisine of the United States/ja|アメリカ合衆国]][[Bacon Explosion/ja|ベーコンエクスプロージョン]]
File:Christmas ham.jpg|A [[Finland|Finnish]] [[Christmas ham]]
File:Christmas ham.jpg|[[:en:Finland|フィンランド]][[Christmas ham/ja|クリスマスハム]]
File:Porcetto sardo 3.jpg|''Porcheddu'', [[Sardinian cuisine|Sardinian]] suckling pig
File:Porcetto sardo 3.jpg|''[[Porceddu/ja|ポルチェッドゥ]]''[[Sardinian cuisine/ja|サルデーニャ]]の[[Suckling pig/ja|子豚の丸焼き]]
File:German pork in hong kong.jpg|German hock
File:German pork in hong kong.jpg|ドイツ風豚肉の[[Hock/ja|すね肉]]
File:Two of ham plates with melon cubes.jpg|Parma ham and Black Forest ham with honey melon
File:Two of ham plates with melon cubes.jpg|生ハム(パルマハム、黒い森のハム)と[[Cantaloupe/ja|ハニーデューメロン]]
File:Platter with coldcut and cheese.jpg|A German pork sausage, sliced pork, and ham on a platter
File:Platter with coldcut and cheese.jpg|ドイツの豚肉ソーセージ、スライスした豚肉、ハムの盛り合わせ
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== 関連項目 ==
== See also ==
{{portal|Food}}
{{portal|Food}}
* [[List of pork dishes]]
* [[List of pork dishes/ja]]
* [[Pig farming]] <!-- added as there is little in the article related to the production of pork -->
* [[Wikipedia:Pig farming|養豚業]] <!-- added as there is little in the article related to the production of pork -->
* [[Pig toilet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Pig toilet|豚トイレ]]
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== 外部リンク ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Pork}}
{{Commons category|Pork}}
* [http://www.pork.org/ National Pork Board]
* [http://www.pork.org/ 国立豚肉委員会]
* [http://www.porkbeinspired.com/ "Be inspired"{{dash}}National Pork Board campaign]
* [http://www.porkbeinspired.com/ "Be inspired"{{dash}}全国豚肉委員会キャンペーン]
* [http://www.nppc.org/ National Pork Producers' Council]
* [http://www.nppc.org/ 全国豚肉生産者協議会]
* [http://www.cjly.net/deconstructingdinner/032306.htm Radio broadcast about pork production by Kootenay Co-op Radio] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514072433/http://www.cjly.net/deconstructingdinner/032306.htm |date=14 May 2013 }})
* [http://www.cjly.net/deconstructingdinner/032306.htm クートニー生協ラジオによる豚肉生産に関するラジオ放送] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514072433/http://www.cjly.net/deconstructingdinner/032306.htm |date=14 May 2013 }})
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{{Pigs}}
{{Pigs}}
{{Meat|state=expanded}}
{{Meat/ja|state=expanded}}
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[[Category:Pork| ]]
[[Category:Pork| ]]
[[Category:Meat|!]]
[[Category:Meat|!]]
[[Category:Pork dishes]]
[[Category:Pork dishes]]
[[Category:Types of food]]
[[Category:Types of food]]
{{二次利用|date=13 July 2025, at 05:00}}
{{二次利用/ja|date=13 July 2025, at 05:00}}
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