Pork: Difference between revisions
Created page with "{{short description|Meat from a pig}} thumb|[[Pork belly cut, showing layers of muscle and fat]] thumb|A pig being slow-roasted on a [[rotisserie]] '''Pork''' is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (''Sus domesticus''). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 8000–9000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and prese..." |
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== History == | == History == | ||
{{See also|Charcuterie|Animal husbandry#History | {{See also|Charcuterie|Animal husbandry#History}} | ||
Pigs were domesticated in [[Mesopotamia]] around 13,000 BC. The pig appears to have been among the earliest domesticated animals in [[ancient China]], with evidence for pig domestication at [[Cishan culture|Cishan]] from around 8000 BP (6,000 BC). | Pigs were domesticated in [[Mesopotamia]] around 13,000 BC. The pig appears to have been among the earliest domesticated animals in [[ancient China]], with evidence for pig domestication at [[Cishan culture|Cishan]] from around 8000 BP (6,000 BC). | ||
[[File:1850 le depecage de porc par Louis Humbert de Molard 1847 1898.jpg|thumb|right|Pig being prepared in [[France]] during the mid-19th century.]] | [[File:1850 le depecage de porc par Louis Humbert de Molard 1847 1898.jpg|thumb|right|Pig being prepared in [[France]] during the mid-19th century.]] | ||
Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products such as [[bacon]], [[ham]], [[sausage]], ''[[Terrine (food)|terrines]]'', ''[[galantine]]s'', ''[[pâtés]]'' and ''[[confit]]'', primarily from pig. | Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products such as [[bacon]], [[ham]], [[sausage]], ''[[Terrine (food)|terrines]]'', ''[[galantine]]s'', ''[[pâtés]]'' and ''[[confit]]'', primarily from pig. Originally intended as a way to preserve meats before the advent of refrigeration, these preparations are prepared today for the flavors that are derived from the preservation processes. In 15th-century [[France]], local [[guild]]s regulated tradesmen in the food production industry in each city. The guilds that produced ''charcuterie'' were those of the ''charcutiers''. The members of this guild produced a traditional range of cooked or salted and dried meats, which varied, sometimes distinctively, from region to region. The only "raw" meat the ''charcutiers'' were allowed to sell was [[rendering (food processing)|unrendered]] [[lard]]. The ''charcutier'' prepared numerous items, including ''pâtés'', ''[[rillettes]]'', [[sausage]]s, [[bacon]], [[Pig's trotters|trotters]], and [[head cheese]]. | ||
Before the mass production and re-engineering of pigs in the 20th century, pork in Europe and North America was traditionally an autumn dish—pigs and other livestock coming to the slaughter in the autumn after growing in the spring and fattening during the summer. Due to the seasonal nature of the meat in Western culinary history, [[apple]]s (harvested in late summer and autumn) have been a staple pairing to fresh pork. The year-round availability of meat and fruits has not diminished the popularity of this combination on Western plates. | Before the mass production and re-engineering of pigs in the 20th century, pork in Europe and North America was traditionally an autumn dish—pigs and other livestock coming to the slaughter in the autumn after growing in the spring and fattening during the summer. Due to the seasonal nature of the meat in Western culinary history, [[apple]]s (harvested in late summer and autumn) have been a staple pairing to fresh pork. The year-round availability of meat and fruits has not diminished the popularity of this combination on Western plates. | ||
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== Pork products == | == Pork products == | ||
[[File:Smoked country style pork ribs.jpg|thumb|Smoked [[pork ribs]].]] | [[File:Smoked country style pork ribs.jpg|thumb|Smoked [[pork ribs]].]] | ||
Pork may be cooked from fresh meat or cured over time. Cured meat products include [[ham]] and [[bacon]]. The carcass may be used in many different ways for fresh [[meat cuts]], with the popularity of certain cuts varying worldwide. | Pork may be cooked from fresh meat or cured over time. Cured meat products include [[ham]] and [[bacon]]. The carcass may be used in many different ways for fresh [[meat cuts]], with the popularity of certain cuts varying worldwide. | ||
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=== Islam === | === Islam === | ||
[[File:Dubai Pork Shop.jpg|thumb|A pork shop in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]], with sign: for Non Muslims.]] | [[File:Dubai Pork Shop.jpg|thumb|A pork shop in [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]], with sign: for Non Muslims.]] | ||
Pork meat is prohibited by the [[Islamic dietary laws]]. Throughout the [[Islamic world]] many countries severely restrict the importation or consumption of pork products. Examples are [[Iran]],[[Mauritania]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]],[[Saudi Arabia]], [[Algeria]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Yemen]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Djibouti]], [[Kuwait]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Gambia]], [[Libya]], [[Pakistan]] (except in some communities) and the [[Maldives]]. However, in other Muslim-majority countries with significant non-Muslim minorities, such as [[Indonesia]] (except the province of [[Aceh]]), [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], [[Lebanon]], [[Iraq]] | Pork meat is prohibited by the [[Islamic dietary laws]]. Throughout the [[Islamic world]] many countries severely restrict the importation or consumption of pork products. Examples are [[Iran]],[[Mauritania]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]],[[Saudi Arabia]], [[Algeria]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Yemen]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Djibouti]], [[Kuwait]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Gambia]], [[Libya]], [[Pakistan]] (except in some communities) and the [[Maldives]]. However, in other Muslim-majority countries with significant non-Muslim minorities, such as [[Indonesia]] (except the province of [[Aceh]]), [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], [[Lebanon]], [[Iraq]], [[Tunisia]], [[Egypt]], [[Morocco]], [[Bahrain]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Jordan]], [[Albania]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Turkey]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Kosovo]], [[Syria]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Guinea]], [[Chad]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] (except the [[Emirate of Sharjah]]), pork is available in hotels, restaurants and supermarkets that cater to a significant non-Muslim population. | ||
The [[Qur'an]]ic basis for the Islamic prohibition of pork can be found in surah {{qref|2|173}}, {{qref|5|3}}, {{qref|6|145}} and {{qref|16|115}}. | The [[Qur'an]]ic basis for the Islamic prohibition of pork can be found in surah {{qref|2|173}}, {{qref|5|3}}, {{qref|6|145}} and {{qref|16|115}}. | ||
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=== Christianity === | === Christianity === | ||
[[File:Christmas table (Serbian cuisine).jpg|thumb|Grilled pork as a main dish on a [[Cuisine of Serbia|Serbian Christmas table]]]] | [[File:Christmas table (Serbian cuisine).jpg|thumb|Grilled pork as a main dish on a [[Cuisine of Serbia|Serbian Christmas table]]]] | ||
While most Christians do consume pork, some sects prohibit it based on [[Leviticus]] chapter 11, [[Deuteronomy]] chapter 14, and [[Isaiah]] chapters 65 and 66. | While most Christians do consume pork, some sects prohibit it based on [[Leviticus]] chapter 11, [[Deuteronomy]] chapter 14, and [[Isaiah]] chapters 65 and 66. Some denominations that forbid pork consumption are: | ||
* [[Hebrew Roots]] | * [[Hebrew Roots]] | ||
* [[Messianic Judaism]] | * [[Messianic Judaism]] | ||
