Translations:Fertilizer/14/en: Difference between revisions

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Message definition (Fertilizer)
===Microbiological considerations===
Two sets of [[enzymatic reaction]]s are highly relevant to the efficiency of nitrogen-based fertilizers. 
;Urease
The first is the [[hydrolysis]] (reaction with water) of [[urea]] ({{chem2|CO(NH2)2}}). Many [[soil]] [[bacteria]] possess the enzyme [[urease]], which [[catalysis|catalyzes]] the conversion of urea to [[ammonium]] ion ({{chem2|NH4+}}) and [[bicarbonate]] [[ion]] ({{chem2|HCO3-}}).
;Ammonia oxidation
[[Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria]] (AOB), such as species of ''[[Nitrosomonas]]'', [[Redox|oxidize]] ammonia ({{chem2|NH3}}) to [[nitrite]] ({{chem2|NO2-}}), a process termed [[nitrification]]. [[Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria]], especially ''[[Nitrobacter]]'', oxidize [[nitrite]] ({{chem2|NO2-}}) to [[nitrate]] ({{chem2|NO3-}}), which is extremely [[solubility|soluble]] and mobile and is a major cause of [[eutrophication]] and [[algal bloom]].

Microbiological considerations

Two sets of enzymatic reactions are highly relevant to the efficiency of nitrogen-based fertilizers.

Urease

The first is the hydrolysis (reaction with water) of urea (CO(NH
2)
2). Many soil bacteria possess the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the conversion of urea to ammonium ion (NH+
4) and bicarbonate ion (HCO−
3).

Ammonia oxidation

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), such as species of Nitrosomonas, oxidize ammonia (NH
3) to nitrite (NO−
2), a process termed nitrification. Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, especially Nitrobacter, oxidize nitrite (NO−
2) to nitrate (NO−
3), which is extremely soluble and mobile and is a major cause of eutrophication and algal bloom.

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