Burmese cuisine/ja: Difference between revisions

ミャンマーで最も一般的な主食は、''タミン''（{{lang|my|ထမင်း}}）と呼ばれる蒸しご飯である。ビルマの米の品種は、ジャスミン米やバスマティ米よりも一般的に粘り気が強い。''[[paw hsan hmwe/ja|ポーサン・ムエ]]''（{{lang|my|ပေါ်ဆန်းမွှေး}}）などの香りの良い芳香性の高い白米が人気である。''カウッ・フニン''（{{lang|my|ကောက်ညှင်း}}）と呼ばれる低アミロース品種の[[glutinous rice/ja|もち米]]もビルマ料理に登場し、''ンガチェイッ''（ငချိပ်）と呼ばれる紫色の品種もある。北部の高地（例：[[:en:Shan State|シャン州]]）の消費者は、{{transliteration|my|kauk hnyin}}や''カウッ・セイ''のような粘り気の強い低[[amylose/ja|アミロース]]品種を好み、一方、下流のデルタ地域の消費者は、{{transliteration|my|カウッ・チャウ}}や{{transliteration|my|kauk kyan}}のような高アミロース品種を好む。低アミロース品種の米は、''[[mont (food)/ja|モン]]''と呼ばれる伝統的なビルマの軽食によく使われる。米は伝統的に何も味付けせずに食べられるが、[[Pe htaw bhut htamin/ja|バターライス]]や[[coconut rice/ja|ココナッツライス]]のような味付けされたものは、一般的なお祝いの定番料理である。

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=== Burmese tea ===

[[File:Myanmar Tea House Food.jpg|thumb|Snacks served at a Burmese tea house alongside [[Burmese milk tea]].]]

{{Main|Laphet|Burmese milk tea}}

Plain [[green tea]], ''yay nway gyan'' ({{lang|my|ရေနွေးကြမ်း}}, {{Lit|crude tea water}}), is a popular form of tea drunk in Myanmar. Tea leaves are traditionally cultivated in [[Shan State]] and [[Kachin State]]. [[Milk tea]], called ''laphet yay cho'' (လက်ဖက်ရည်ချို), made with strongly brewed black tea leaves, and sweetened with a customized ratio of [[condensed milk]] and [[evaporated milk]], is also popular.

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=== Alcohol ===

{{See also|Beer in Myanmar}}

[[File:Shweyin-aye.JPG|thumb|''[[Shwe yin aye]]'' is a popular and refreshing dessert]]

[[Palm wine]], called ''htan yay'' ({{lang|my|ထန်းရည်}}), made from the fermented sap of the [[toddy palm]], is traditionally consumed in rural parts of [[Upper Myanmar]] Ethnic communities, including the [[Kachin people|Kachin]] and [[Shan people|Shan]], also brew local [[moonshine]]s. Several ethnic minorities traditionally brew alcoholic beverages using rice or glutinous rice called {{Interlanguage link|khaung|lt=|my|ခေါင်ရည်|WD=}} ({{lang|my|ခေါင်ရည်}}). The ''khaung'' of the [[Chin people]]s is brewed using millet seeds. Locally brewed beers include Irrawaddy, Mandalay, Myanmar, and Tiger.

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== Food establishments ==

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=== Restaurants ===

Dine-in restaurants that serve steamed rice with traditional Burmese curries and dishes are called ''htamin hsaing'' ({{lang|my|ထမင်းဆိုင်}}; {{Literal translation|rice shop}}). At traditional curry shops, soup is typically served complimentary, alongside pickled and raw vegetables, chutneys and various seasonings.

=== Tea shops ===

[[File:Outdoor café, Yangon, Myanmar.jpg|thumb|An outdoor café in Yangon]]During British rule in Burma, [[Burmese Indians]] introduced [[Teahouse|tea shops]] to the country, first known as ''kaka hsaing'', which later evolved into teashops called ''laphet yay hsaing'' ({{lang|my|လက်ဖက်ရည်ဆိုင်}}) or ''kaphi'' (ကဖီး), the latter word from French ''café.'' Burmese tea shop culture emerged from a combination of British, Indian, and Chinese influences throughout the colonial period. Teashops are prevalent across the country, forming an important part of communal life. Typically open throughout the day, some Burmese tea shops cater to locals, long distance drivers and travellers alike. The Burmese typically gather in tea shops to drink milk tea served with an extensive array of snacks and meals.

=== Street food ===

[[File:Street food (5089664128).jpg|thumb|A street hawker selling [[Burmese pork offal skewers]].]]Street food stalls and hawkers are a feature of the Burmese urban landscape, especially in major cities like [[Yangon]]. [[Burmese salads]], [[Mont (food)|snacks]], and [[Burmese fritters|fritters]] are especially popular street foods. In recent years, some major cities have clamped down on street food vendors. In 2016, Yangon banned the city's 6,000 street vendors from selling food on major thoroughfares, and relocated them to formal night markets set up by the city.

[[Night market]]s, called ''nya zay'' ({{lang|my|ညဈေး}}), are a feature of many Burmese towns and cities. Colonial observers as early as 1878 noted Burmese street hawkers selling delicacies, such as fruits, cakes, and laphet during "night bazaars." The streets surrounding major daytime markets, such as [[Zegyo Market]] in Mandalay, typically double as makeshift night markets during the evenings.