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Message definition (Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis ) [[File:Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.jpg|alt=Figure Caption: The Bacillus subtilis (Stage I) in vegetative growth is in unfavorable conditions, so it begins the process of sporulation. Examples of unfavorable conditions are an environment that lacks the required nutrients, is too hot, or too cold. Asymmetric (unequal) division occurs from the tightening of the Z-ring (Stage II). The Z-ring is multiple FtsZ proteins assembled into a ring that depolymerizes to cause an inward constriction, which will form the septum that results in two daughter cells. The mother cell, which is the bigger of the two daughter cells, engulfs the pre-spore (Stage III). Next, the cortex (Stage IV) and the coat (Stage V) form around the spore. The cortex is made of peptidoglycan and the coat is composed of several layers of specific proteins. Once the spore is mature, the cell lyses (Stage VI and VII). Thus, a free endospore is formed that can withstand harsh environments. This endospore can later germinate into a vegetative cell. Vegetative cycle occurs in favorable conditions, such as nutrient abundance and a moderate temperature. This is a cycle of medial division and growth creating more vegetative Bacillus subtilis.|thumb|187x187px|Fig1. The sporulation process of Bacillus subtilis]]
図1. 枯草菌の胞子形成過程 枯草菌（Bacillus subtilis） は、土壌や植物に自然に存在し、小さくて丈夫で代謝的に休眠したエンドスポアを形成する能力で知られる、桿菌であり、グラム陽性 のバクテリア である。枯草菌 は対称的に分裂して2つの娘細胞 （二分裂 ）を作ることも、非対称的に1つの環境要因（熱、乾燥 、放射線、化学的攻撃など）に耐性のあるエンドスポアを生成することもできる。これは長期間環境中に持続することができます。エンドスポアは栄養ストレス時に形成され、生物が環境中で生き延びることを可能にする。エンドスポア形成のプロセスは、2つの娘細胞の根本的な形態 と生理学 的な変化をもたらす。このプロセスは、最終的には1つの娘細胞（スポア）の代謝活動の停止と他の娘細胞（‘母細胞’）の死 に伴う過程である。
