Pantethine: Difference between revisions
Created page with "<languages /> <translate> {{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 402518121 | ImageFile = pantethine structure.png | ImageSize = 300px | SystematicName = (2''R'',2′''R'')-''N'',''N''′-(3,12-Dioxo-7,8-dithia-4,11-diazatetradecane-1,14-diyl)bis(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamide) | OtherNames = Bis-pantethine<br>Co-enzyme pantethine |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 4515 | ChEMBL..." |
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'''Pantethine''' (bis-pantethine or co-enzyme pantethine) is a dimeric form of [[pantetheine]], which is produced from [[pantothenic acid]] (vitamin B<sub>5</sub>) by the addition of [[cysteamine]]. Pantethine was discovered by [[Gene Brown (professor)|Gene Brown]], a PhD student at the time. Pantethine is two molecules of pantetheine linked by a [[disulfide]] bridge. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the production of [[coenzyme A]] by the body. Most vitamin B<sub>5</sub> supplements are in the form of calcium pantothenate, a salt of pantothenic acid, with doses in the range of 5 to 10 mg/day. In contrast, pantethine is sold as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides at doses of 500 to 1200 mg/day. | '''Pantethine''' (bis-pantethine or co-enzyme pantethine) is a dimeric form of [[pantetheine]], which is produced from [[pantothenic acid]] (vitamin B<sub>5</sub>) by the addition of [[cysteamine]]. Pantethine was discovered by [[Gene Brown (professor)|Gene Brown]], a PhD student at the time. Pantethine is two molecules of pantetheine linked by a [[disulfide]] bridge. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the production of [[coenzyme A]] by the body. Most vitamin B<sub>5</sub> supplements are in the form of calcium pantothenate, a salt of pantothenic acid, with doses in the range of 5 to 10 mg/day. In contrast, pantethine is sold as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides at doses of 500 to 1200 mg/day. | ||
==Dietary supplement== | ==Dietary supplement== <!--T:3--> | ||
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Pantethine is available in the United States as a dietary supplement because of evidence for lowering elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and raising HDL-cholesterol. In multiple clinical trials of patients with elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol were decreased by an average of 12%, triglycerides decreased by 19%, and HDL cholesterol was increased by 9% in clinical trials with daily intakes ranging from 600 to 1200 mg/day. | Pantethine is available in the United States as a dietary supplement because of evidence for lowering elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and raising HDL-cholesterol. In multiple clinical trials of patients with elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol were decreased by an average of 12%, triglycerides decreased by 19%, and HDL cholesterol was increased by 9% in clinical trials with daily intakes ranging from 600 to 1200 mg/day. | ||
==Physiological effects== | ==Physiological effects== <!--T:5--> | ||
Although pantethine can serve as a precursor for generation of vitamin B<sub>5</sub> and consumption of therapeutic amounts of pantethine results in higher circulating concentrations of vitamin B<sub>5</sub>, this is not thought to be the mechanism of action. Vitamin B<sub>5</sub> requirements are on the order of 5 mg/day. High doses of vitamin B<sub>5</sub> do not result in the lipid changes seen with pantethine. Two mechanisms of action are proposed for pantethine. In the first, pantethine serves as the precursor for synthesis of [[coenzyme A]]. CoA is involved in the transfer of [[acetyl]] groups, in some instances to attach to proteins closely associated with activating and deactivating genes. By this theory, either the genes responsible for cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis are suppressed or the genes governing the catabolism of compounds are turned on. In the second theory, pantethine is converted to two pantetheine molecules which are in turn metabolized to form two pantothenic acid and two cysteamine molecules. Cysteamine is theorized to bind to and thus inactivate sulfur-containing amino acids in liver enzymes involved in the production of cholesterol and triglycerides. What is known is that high doses of the related vitamin - pantothenic acid - has no effect on lipids. | Although pantethine can serve as a precursor for generation of vitamin B<sub>5</sub> and consumption of therapeutic amounts of pantethine results in higher circulating concentrations of vitamin B<sub>5</sub>, this is not thought to be the mechanism of action. Vitamin B<sub>5</sub> requirements are on the order of 5 mg/day. High doses of vitamin B<sub>5</sub> do not result in the lipid changes seen with pantethine. Two mechanisms of action are proposed for pantethine. In the first, pantethine serves as the precursor for synthesis of [[coenzyme A]]. CoA is involved in the transfer of [[acetyl]] groups, in some instances to attach to proteins closely associated with activating and deactivating genes. By this theory, either the genes responsible for cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis are suppressed or the genes governing the catabolism of compounds are turned on. In the second theory, pantethine is converted to two pantetheine molecules which are in turn metabolized to form two pantothenic acid and two cysteamine molecules. Cysteamine is theorized to bind to and thus inactivate sulfur-containing amino acids in liver enzymes involved in the production of cholesterol and triglycerides. What is known is that high doses of the related vitamin - pantothenic acid - has no effect on lipids. | ||
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{{vitamin}} | {{vitamin}} | ||
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{{二次利用|date=1 September 2023}} | {{二次利用|date=1 September 2023}} | ||
[[Category:Carboxamides]] | [[Category:Carboxamides]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:33, 3 April 2024
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Systematic IUPAC name
(2R,2′R)-N,N′-(3,12-Dioxo-7,8-dithia-4,11-diazatetradecane-1,14-diyl)bis(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamide) | |
| Other names
Bis-pantethine
Co-enzyme pantethine | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| C22H42N4O8S2 | |
| Molar mass | 554.72 g·mol−1 |
| Pharmacology | |
| A11HA32 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Pantethine (bis-pantethine or co-enzyme pantethine) is a dimeric form of pantetheine, which is produced from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) by the addition of cysteamine. Pantethine was discovered by Gene Brown, a PhD student at the time. Pantethine is two molecules of pantetheine linked by a disulfide bridge. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the production of coenzyme A by the body. Most vitamin B5 supplements are in the form of calcium pantothenate, a salt of pantothenic acid, with doses in the range of 5 to 10 mg/day. In contrast, pantethine is sold as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides at doses of 500 to 1200 mg/day.
Dietary supplement
Pantethine is available in the United States as a dietary supplement because of evidence for lowering elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and raising HDL-cholesterol. In multiple clinical trials of patients with elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol were decreased by an average of 12%, triglycerides decreased by 19%, and HDL cholesterol was increased by 9% in clinical trials with daily intakes ranging from 600 to 1200 mg/day.
Physiological effects
Although pantethine can serve as a precursor for generation of vitamin B5 and consumption of therapeutic amounts of pantethine results in higher circulating concentrations of vitamin B5, this is not thought to be the mechanism of action. Vitamin B5 requirements are on the order of 5 mg/day. High doses of vitamin B5 do not result in the lipid changes seen with pantethine. Two mechanisms of action are proposed for pantethine. In the first, pantethine serves as the precursor for synthesis of coenzyme A. CoA is involved in the transfer of acetyl groups, in some instances to attach to proteins closely associated with activating and deactivating genes. By this theory, either the genes responsible for cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis are suppressed or the genes governing the catabolism of compounds are turned on. In the second theory, pantethine is converted to two pantetheine molecules which are in turn metabolized to form two pantothenic acid and two cysteamine molecules. Cysteamine is theorized to bind to and thus inactivate sulfur-containing amino acids in liver enzymes involved in the production of cholesterol and triglycerides. What is known is that high doses of the related vitamin - pantothenic acid - has no effect on lipids.
 | この記事は、クリエイティブ・コモンズ・表示・継承ライセンス3.0のもとで公表されたウィキペディアの項目Pantethine(1 September 2023編集記事参照)を素材として二次利用しています。 Item:Q21754  |