Translations:Renin–angiotensin system/8/en: Difference between revisions

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Message definition (Renin–angiotensin system)
# If the perfusion of the [[juxtaglomerular apparatus]] in the kidney's [[macula densa]] decreases, then the juxtaglomerular cells (granular cells, modified pericytes in the glomerular capillary) release the [[enzyme]] [[renin]].
# Renin [[Proteolysis#Cleavage of precursor proteins|cleaves]] a [[Peptide#Notes on terminology|decapeptide]] from [[angiotensinogen]], a [[globular protein]]. The decapeptide is known as [[Angiotensin#Angiotensin I|angiotensin I]].
# Angiotensin I is then converted to an [[Peptide#Notes on terminology|octapeptide]], ''[[angiotensin|angiotensin II]]'' by [[angiotensin-converting enzyme]] (ACE), which is thought to be found mainly in endothelial cells of the [[capillary|capillaries]] throughout the body, within the lungs and the epithelial cells of the kidneys. One study in 1992 found ACE in all blood vessel endothelial cells.
# Angiotensin II is the major bioactive product of the renin–angiotensin system, binding to receptors on [[intraglomerular mesangial cells]], causing these cells to contract along with the blood vessels surrounding them; and to receptors on the zona glomerulosa cells, causing the release of [[aldosterone]] from the [[zona glomerulosa]] in the [[adrenal cortex]]. Angiotensin II acts as an [[endocrine system|endocrine]], [[autocrine signalling|autocrine]]/[[paracrine signalling|paracrine]], and [[intracrine]] hormone.
  1. If the perfusion of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney's macula densa decreases, then the juxtaglomerular cells (granular cells, modified pericytes in the glomerular capillary) release the enzyme renin.
  2. Renin cleaves a decapeptide from angiotensinogen, a globular protein. The decapeptide is known as angiotensin I.
  3. Angiotensin I is then converted to an octapeptide, angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is thought to be found mainly in endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the body, within the lungs and the epithelial cells of the kidneys. One study in 1992 found ACE in all blood vessel endothelial cells.
  4. Angiotensin II is the major bioactive product of the renin–angiotensin system, binding to receptors on intraglomerular mesangial cells, causing these cells to contract along with the blood vessels surrounding them; and to receptors on the zona glomerulosa cells, causing the release of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex. Angiotensin II acts as an endocrine, autocrine/paracrine, and intracrine hormone.
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