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Message definition (Blood ) [[pH#Living systems|Blood pH]] is regulated to stay within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45, making it slightly [[Base (chemistry)|basic]] (compensation). Extra-cellular fluid in blood that has a pH below 7.35 is too [[acid]]ic, whereas blood pH above 7.45 is too basic. A pH below 6.9 or above 7.8 is usually lethal. Blood pH, [[Oxygen#partial pressure|partial pressure of oxygen (pO<sub>2</sub>)]], [[PCO2|partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO<sub>2</sub>)]], and [[bicarbonate]] (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) are carefully regulated by a number of [[homeostasis|homeostatic mechanisms]], which exert their influence principally through the [[respiratory system]] and the [[urinary system]] to control the [[acid–base homeostasis|acid–base balance]] and respiration, which is called compensation. An [[arterial blood gas test]] measures these. Plasma also circulates [[hormone]]s transmitting their messages to various tissues. The list of normal [[Reference ranges for blood tests|reference ranges]] for various blood electrolytes is extensive.
血液のpH は7.35~7.45の狭い範囲に収まるように調節されており、わずかに塩基性 になっている(補正)。pHが7.35未満の血液中の細胞外液は酸性 過ぎであり、7.45以上の血液中のpHは塩基性過ぎである。6.9以下または7.8以上のpHは通常致死的である。血中pH、酸素分圧(pO2 ) 、二酸化炭素分圧(pCO2 ) 、重炭酸塩 (HCO3 - )は、多くの恒常性維持機構 によって注意深く調節されている、 これらは主に呼吸器系 と泌尿器系 を通じて影響を及ぼし、酸塩基平衡 と呼吸を制御する。動脈血ガス検査 はこれらを測定する。血漿はまた、さまざまな組織にメッセージを伝えるホルモン を循環させている。さまざまな血液電解質の正常基準範囲 のリストは広範囲にわたる。