Translations:Protein/85/en

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Gene expression

Introduction
to genetics

Types	Bacterial Archaeal Eukaryotic
Key elements	Transcription factor RNA polymerase Promoter
Post-transcription	Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA / hnRNA) 5' capping Splicing Polyadenylation Histone acetylation and deacetylation

Types	Bacterial Archaeal Eukaryotic
Key elements	Ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosome-nascent chain complex (RNC) Post-translational modification

Influential people

v t e Proteins
Processes	Protein biosynthesis Post-translational modification Protein folding Protein targeting Proteome Protein methods
Structures	Protein structure Protein structural domains Proteasome
Types	List of proteins Membrane protein Globular protein Globulin Edestin Albumin Fibrous protein Chromoprotein Photoreceptor protein Biliprotein Phycobiliprotein Phytochrome Lipocalin

v t e Proteins: key methods of study
Experimental	Protein purification Green fluorescent protein Western blot Protein immunostaining Protein sequencing Gel electrophoresis/Protein electrophoresis Protein immunoprecipitation Peptide mass fingerprinting/Protein mass spectrometry Dual-polarization interferometry Microscale thermophoresis Chromatin immunoprecipitation Surface plasmon resonance Isothermal titration calorimetry X-ray crystallography Protein NMR Cryo-electron microscopy Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
Bioinformatics	Protein structure prediction Protein function prediction Protein–protein docking Protein structural alignment Protein ontology Protein–protein interaction prediction
Assay	Enzyme assay Protein assay Secretion assay
Display techniques	Bacterial display mRNA display Phage display Ribosome display Yeast display
Super-resolution microscopy	Photoactivated localization microscopy Vertico SMI

Metabolism, catabolism, anabolism

General

Energy
metabolism

Aerobic respiration	Glycolysis → Pyruvate decarboxylation → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + ATP synthase)
Anaerobic respiration	Electron acceptors other than oxygen
Fermentation	Glycolysis → Substrate-level phosphorylation ABE Ethanol Lactic acid

Specific
paths

Protein metabolism

Protein synthesis
Catabolism (protein→peptide→amino acid)

Amino acid	Amino acid synthesis Amino acid degradation (amino acid→pyruvate, acetyl CoA, or TCA intermediate) Urea cycle
Nucleotide metabolism	Purine metabolism Nucleotide salvage Pyrimidine metabolism Purine nucleotide cycle

Carbohydrate metabolism
(carbohydrate catabolism
and anabolism)

Human

Glycolysis ⇄ Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis ⇄ Glycogenesis
Pentose phosphate pathway Fructolysis Polyol pathway Galactolysis Leloir pathway
Glycosylation N-linked O-linked

Nonhuman

Photosynthesis Anoxygenic photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Carbon fixation DeLey-Doudoroff pathway Entner-Doudoroff pathway
Xylose metabolism Radiotrophism

Lipid metabolism
(lipolysis, lipogenesis)

Fatty acid metabolism	Fatty acid degradation (Beta oxidation) Fatty acid synthesis
Other	Steroid metabolism Sphingolipid metabolism Eicosanoid metabolism Ketosis Reverse cholesterol transport

Other

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