Translations:Diabetes medication/54/en

|- | Metformin | Acts on the liver to reduce gluconeogenesis and causes a decrease in insulin resistance via increasing AMPK signalling. |

• Associated with weight loss
• Lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to other antidiabetics
• Decreases low-density lipoprotein
• Decreases triglycerides
• No effect on blood pressure
• Lowered all-cause mortality in diabetics
• Inexpensive

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• Higher risk of gastrointestinal side effects
• Due to the risk of potentially fatal lactic acidosis, contraindicated in people with shock; with acute or chronic, moderate or severe kidney disease or at risk for impaired kidney function from intravenous dye; and with acute or chronic metabolic acidosis
• Risk of lactic acidosis also is increased for people with unstable or acute heart failure, liver disease, or alcoholism, or who are recovering from major surgery
• Increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency
• Metallic taste

|- | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol, voglibose) | Inhibit carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine by inhibiting enzymes that break down polysaccharides |

• Slightly lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to sulfonylureas
• Associated with modest weight loss
• Decreases triglycerides
• No detrimental effect on cholesterol

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• Less effective than most other diabetes pills in lowering glycated hemoglobin
• Increased risk of GI side effects than other diabetes pills except metformin
• Inconvenient dosing

|- | Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone) | Reduce insulin resistance by activating PPAR-γ in fat and muscle |

• Lower the risk of hypoglycemia
• May slightly increase high-density lipoprotein
• Rosiglitazone linked to decreased triglycerides
• Convenient dosing

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• Increase the risk of heart failure
• Cause an average of 2–5 kg weight gain
• Are associated with a higher risk of edema, anemia and bone fractures
• Can increase low-density lipoprotein
• Rosiglitazone has been linked to increased triglycerides and an increased risk of a heart attack
• Pioglitazone has been linked to an increased risk of bladder cancer
• Have a slower onset of action
• Require monitoring for hepatotoxicity
• Expensive

|- |SGLT2 inhibitors |}