Translations:Chronic kidney disease/1/en

Chronic kidney disease
Other names	Chronic renal disease, kidney failure, impaired kidney function
Illustration of a kidney from a person with chronic renal failure
Specialty	Nephrology
Symptoms	Early: None Later: Leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, confusion
Complications	Heart disease, high blood pressure, anemia
Duration	Long-term
Causes	Diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease
Diagnostic method	Blood tests, urine tests
Treatment	Medications to manage blood pressure, blood sugar, and lower cholesterol, renal replacement therapy, kidney transplant
Frequency	753 million (2016)
Deaths	1.2 million (2015)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years. Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion. Complications can relate to hormonal dysfunction of the kidneys and include (in chronological order) high blood pressure (often related to activation of the renin–angiotensin system), bone disease, and anemia. Additionally CKD patients have markedly increased cardiovascular complications with increased risks of death and hospitalization.