Translations:Vitamin B12/39/en

Non-ruminant, non-hindgut herbivores may have an enlarged forestomach and/or small intestine to provide a place for bacterial fermentation and B-vitamin production, including B₁₂. For gut bacteria to produce vitamin B₁₂, the animal must consume sufficient amounts of cobalt. Soil that is deficient in cobalt may result in B₁₂ deficiency, and B₁₂ injections or cobalt supplementation may be required for livestock.