Translations:Dietary fiber/71/en

Short-chain fatty acids

When fermentable fiber is fermented, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced. SCFAs are involved in numerous physiological processes promoting health, including:

• stabilize blood glucose levels by acting on pancreatic insulin release and liver control of glycogen breakdown
• stimulate gene expression of glucose transporters in the intestinal mucosa, regulating glucose absorption
• provide nourishment of colonocytes, particularly by the SCFA butyrate
• suppress cholesterol synthesis by the liver and reduce blood levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides responsible for atherosclerosis
• lower colonic pH (i.e., raises the acidity level in the colon) which protects the lining from formation of colonic polyps and increases absorption of dietary minerals
• stimulate production of T helper cells, antibodies, leukocytes, cytokines, and lymph mechanisms having crucial roles in immune protection
• improve barrier properties of the colonic mucosal layer, inhibiting inflammatory and adhesion irritants, contributing to immune functions