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Name	Current message text
^h English (en)	Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple studies have described the associations of vitamin D deficiency with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. In the largest analysis, with data from 76 observational studies including almost two million adults, vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency significantly increased the susceptibility to becoming infected with COVID-19 and having severe COVID-19, with odds ratios of 1.5 and 1.9 respectively, but these findings had high risk of bias and heterogeneity. A two-fold greater mortality was found, but this analysis was less robust. These findings confirm smaller, earlier analyses, one of which, in reporting that people with COVID-19 tend to have lower 25(OH)D levels than healthy subjects, stated that the trend for associations with health outcomes was limited by the low quality of the studies and by the possibility of reverse causality mechanisms.
^h Japanese (ja)	ビタミンD欠乏とCOVID-19の有害転帰との関連については、複数の研究のシステマティックレビューやメタアナリシスで述べられている。約200万人の成人を含む76の観察研究のデータを用いた最も大規模な解析では、ビタミンD欠乏または不足はCOVID-19に感染しやすく、重症のCOVID-19に罹患しやすく、オッズ比はそれぞれ1.5と1.9と有意に増加したが、これらの所見は偏りと異質性のリスクが高かった。死亡率は2倍高かったが、この解析はあまり頑健ではなかった。COVID-19の人は健康な人に比べて25(OH)D値が低い傾向があることを報告したそのうちの1つでは、健康上の転帰との関連については、研究の質が低いことや逆因果の可能性によって限界があると述べている。