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 h English (en)The cattle were valuable draught animals, often seen as equal to human servants, or in some cases, members of the family. Cattle were also given their own holiday during the first 'cow' day of the [[Korean New Year|lunar New Year]]. The importance of cattle does not suggest Koreans ate an abundance of beef, however, as the cattle were valued as [[Pack animal|beasts of burden]] and slaughtering one would create dire issues in farming the land. Pork and seafood were consumed more regularly for this reason. The Buddhist ruling class of the Goryeo period forbade the consumption of beef. The [[Mongol]]s dispensed with the ban of beef during the 13th century, and they promoted the production of beef cattle. This increased production continued into the Joseon period, when the government encouraged both increased quantities and quality of beef. Only in the latter part of the 20th century has beef become regular table fare.
 h Japanese (ja)牛は貴重な[[:en:Draught animal|役畜]]であり、しばしば人間の召使いと同等、あるいは場合によっては家族の一員と見なされた。牛はまた、[[:en:Korean New Year|旧正月]]の最初の「牛の日」に独自の祝日が与えられた。牛の重要性は、朝鮮人が牛肉を豊富に食べていたことを示唆するものではない。牛は[[:en:Pack animal|重荷を運ぶ動物]]として評価されており、1頭を屠殺することは土地を耕作する上で深刻な問題を引き起こすからである。このため、豚肉や魚介類がより定期的に消費された。[[:en:Goryeo|高麗時代]]の仏教支配層は牛肉の消費を禁じた。[[:en:Mongol|モンゴル人]]は13世紀に牛肉の禁止を解除し、肉牛の生産を促進した。この生産増加は[[:en:Joseon|李氏朝鮮時代]]まで続き、政府は牛肉の量と質の向上を奨励した。20世紀後半になって初めて、牛肉が日常の食卓に上るようになった。