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 h English (en)===Essential fatty acids===
{{main|Essential fatty acids}}
Fish oil is a commonly used fatty acid supplement because it is a source of [[omega-3 fatty acid]]s. Fatty acids are strings of carbon atoms, having a range of lengths. If links are all single (C-C), then the fatty acid is called ''[[saturated fat|saturated]]''; with one double bond (C=C), it is called ''[[monounsaturated fat|monounsaturated]]''; if there are two or more double bonds (C=C=C), it is called ''[[polyunsaturated fat|polyunsaturated]]''. Only two fatty acids, both polyunsaturated, are considered essential to be obtained from the diet, as the others are synthesized in the body. The "essential" fatty acids are [[alpha-linolenic acid]] (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid, and [[linoleic acid]] (LA), an [[omega-6 fatty acid]]. ALA can be elongated in the body to create other omega-3 fatty acids: [[eicosapentaenoic acid]] (EPA) and [[docosahexaenoic acid]] (DHA).
 h Japanese (ja)===必須脂肪酸===
{{main/ja|Essential fatty acids/ja}}
魚油は[[omega-3 fatty acid/ja|オメガ3脂肪酸]]の供給源であるため、脂肪酸サプリメントとしてよく使われている。脂肪酸は炭素原子のひもであり、さまざまな長さを持つ。結合がすべて単結合(C-C)であれば、その脂肪酸は''[[saturated fat/ja|飽和脂肪酸]]''と呼ばれ、二重結合(C=C)が1つであれば''[[monounsaturated fat/ja|一価不飽和脂肪酸]]''と呼ばれ、二重結合(C=C=C)が2つ以上あれば''[[polyunsaturated fat/ja|多価不飽和脂肪酸]]''と呼ばれる。多価不飽和脂肪酸のうち、食事から摂取することが必須とされるのは2種類だけで、他の脂肪酸は体内で合成される。"必須"脂肪酸は、[[alpha-linolenic acid/ja|α-リノレン酸]](ALA)とオメガ3系脂肪酸と[[linoleic acid/ja|リノレン酸]](LA)とオメガ6系脂肪酸のである。ALAは体内で伸長し、他のオメガ3脂肪酸である[[eicosapentaenoic acid/ja|イコサペンタエン酸]](EPA)と[[docosahexaenoic acid/ja|ドコサヘキサエン酸]](DHA)を作り出すことができる。