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 h English (en)In the 6th century BCE, the knowledge of circulation of vital fluids through the body was known to the [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician [[Sushruta]] in [[History of India|ancient India]]. He also seems to have possessed knowledge of the arteries, described as 'channels' by Dwivedi & Dwivedi (2007). The [[Heart valve|valves of the heart]] were discovered by a physician of the [[Hippocrates|Hippocratean]] school around the 4th century BCE. However, their function was not properly understood then. Because blood pools in the veins after death, arteries look empty. Ancient anatomists assumed they were filled with air and that they were for the transport of air.
 h Japanese (ja)紀元前6世紀、[[:en:History of India|古代インド]]の[[Ayurveda/ja|アーユルヴェーダ]]医師[[:en:Sushruta|スシュルタ]]は、体内の体液循環に関する知識を知っていた。彼はまた、Dwivedi & Dwivedi (2007)によって「チャンネル」と表現された動脈の知識も持っていたようだ。[[Heart valve/ja|心臓の弁]]は、紀元前4世紀頃に[[:en:Hippocrates|ヒポクラテス]]学派の医師によって発見された。しかし、当時はその機能が正しく理解されていなかった。死後、血液は静脈に溜まるため、動脈は空っぽに見える。古代の解剖学者たちは、動脈は空気で満たされており、空気を運ぶためのものだと考えていた。