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h English (en) | Pepper can be grown in soil that is neither too dry nor susceptible to flooding, moist, well-drained, and rich in organic matter. The vines do not do well over an altitude of {{convert|900|m|ft|abbr=on|adj=on}} above sea level. The plants are propagated by cuttings about {{convert|40|to|50|cm|abbr=on}} long, tied up to neighbouring trees or climbing frames at distances of about {{convert|2|m|abbr=on}} apart; trees with rough bark are favoured over those with smooth bark, as the pepper plants climb rough bark more readily. Competing plants are cleared away, leaving only sufficient trees to provide shade and permit free ventilation. The roots are covered in leaf [[mulch]] and [[manure]], and the shoots are trimmed twice a year. On dry soils, the young plants require watering every other day during the [[dry season]] for the first three years. The plants bear fruit from the fourth or fifth year, and then typically for seven years. The cuttings are usually [[cultivar]]s, selected both for yield and quality of fruit. [[File:Black Pepper Flower - Kerala - IMG 3622.jpg|thumb|150px|Single stem with flowers.]] A single stem bears 20 to 30 fruiting spikes. The harvest begins as soon as one or two fruits at the base of the spikes begin to turn red, and before the fruit is fully mature, and still hard; if allowed to ripen completely, the fruits lose pungency, and ultimately fall off and are lost. The spikes are collected and spread out to dry in the sun, then the peppercorns are stripped off the spikes. |
h Japanese (ja) | コショウは、乾燥しすぎず、洪水にも強く、湿り気があり、水はけがよく、有機物に富んだ土壌で栽培できる。標高900m以上の高地では、つるがうまく育たない。植物は長さ40〜50cmの挿し木で繁殖させ、約2m間隔で隣接する木や棚に縛り付ける。コショウの木は粗い樹皮の方が登りやすいため、滑らかな樹皮の木よりも粗い樹皮の木が好まれる。競合する植物は取り除き、日陰を提供し、十分な換気を可能にする木だけを残す。根は葉の[[Mulch/ja|マルチ]]と[[Manure/ja|肥料]]で覆われ、年に2回新芽を剪定する。乾燥した土壌では、最初の3年間は[[:en:Dry season|乾季]]に若い植物に隔日で水やりが必要である。植物は4年目か5年目から結実し始め、その後通常7年間結実する。挿し木は通常、収量と果実の品質の両方で選抜された[[Cultivar/ja|栽培品種]]である。 [[File:Black Pepper Flower - Kerala - IMG 3622.jpg|thumb|150px|花をつけた単一の茎。]] 一本の茎に20〜30本の果実の穂がつく。収穫は、穂の基部の1、2個の果実が赤くなり始め、果実が完全に熟す前で、まだ硬い状態の時に始まる。完全に熟させると、果実は辛さを失い、最終的に落ちて失われる。穂は集められ、天日で乾燥させ、その後、ペッパーコーンは穂から取り除かれる。 |