Export translations
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Settings
Group
22-Dihydroergocalciferol
7-Dehydrocholesterol
7-Keto-DHEA
Acefurtiamine
Adenosylcobalamin
Adipose tissue
Adobo
Afghan cuisine
African cuisine
Alfacalcidol
Allithiamine
Aloo gobhi
Amino acid
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Anglo-Indian cuisine
Anti-obesity medication
Antidiarrheal
Antihypertensive drug
Asian cuisine
Atheroma
Atherosclerosis
Atta (flour)
B vitamins
Bacillus subtilis
Balti (food)
Beef
Benfotiamine
Bengali cuisine
Bhaji
Bhang
Bhurta
Bifidobacterium
Biguanide
Biosimilar
Biotin
Black pepper
Blood
Blood sugar level
Body mass index
Bodybuilding supplement
Bokkeum-bap
Broth
Bunny chow
Burmese cuisine
Burmese curry
Butter chicken
Calcifediol
Calcipotriol
Calcitriol
Calcitroic acid
Calcium channel blocker
Calcium lactate
Calcium stearate
Calcium supplement
Cambium
Cannabis (drug)
Cannabis edible
Cannabis in pregnancy
Cardiology
Celery
Celosia
Chapati
Cheese
Chenopodium album
Chicken curry
Chicken tikka masala
Chili pepper
Chili powder
Chinese cuisine
Chinese herbology
Chingri malai curry
Cholecalciferol
Chronic kidney disease
Circulatory system
Citric acid cycle
Climate change mitigation
Clostridium butyricum
Coconut milk
Coffee in world cultures
Coffee production in China
Coffee production in Colombia
Coffee production in Peru
Coffee production in Thailand
Coffee production in Venezuela
Collagen
Common cold
Concoction
Controlled-release fertilizer
Cream
Cuisine
Cumin
Curry
Curry Awards
Curry in the United Kingdom
Curry powder
Curry tree
Cyanocobalamin
Cymbopogon
Cytochrome P450
Dairy product
Dal bhat
Dextrin
Diabetes
Diabetes medication
Diabetic nephropathy
Dietary fiber
Dietary supplement
Dieting
Dihydrofolic acid
Dihydrotachysterol
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
Discovery and development of angiotensin receptor blockers
Discovery and development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Discovery and development of gliflozins
Disease
Docosahexaenoic acid
Drug class
Dulaglutide
Dum pukht
Dyslipidemia
Effects of climate change on livestock
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Endocrine disease
Endocrine system
Endocrinology
English cuisine
Enterococcus faecium
Enzyme
Ergocalciferol
Ergosterol
Ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid
Fat
Fatty acid
Febuxostat
Fennel
Fertilizer
Filipino cuisine
Fish
Fishcake
Flatbread
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Flavin mononucleotide
Folate
Folinic acid
Food and drink prohibitions
Fursultiamine
Fusion cuisine
Galangal
Galinha à portuguesa
Garam masala
Garlic
Gastrointestinal tract
Genitourinary system
Ghee
Ginataan
Ginataang manok
Ginger
Glimepiride
GLP-1 receptor agonist
GLP1 poly-agonist peptides
Glucagon-like peptide-1
Gram flour
Gravy
Green curry
Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
Gulai
Halal
Handi
Herb
Herbal medicine
High-density lipoprotein
History of coffee
History of Indian cuisine
Honey
Human body weight
Hydroxocobalamin
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypoglycemia
Illicium verum
Incretin
Indian bread
Indian cuisine
Indian Indonesian cuisine
Indonesian cuisine
Insulin
Insulin (medication)
Insulin analog
Insulin glargine
Insulin resistance
Internal medicine
Inulin
Ipragliflozin
Japanese curry
Javanese cuisine
Juan Valdez
Kabuli pulao
Kadai paneer
Kadhi
Kaffir lime
Kaldereta
Kampo
Karahi
Kashmiri cuisine
Kheer
Korean cuisine
Kuzhambu
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lamb and mutton
Legume
Levomefolic acid
Lipid
Lipid-lowering agent
List of cheeses
List of Indian dishes
List of kampo herbs
Lontong
Lontong kari
Losartan
Low-carbohydrate diet
Low-density lipoprotein
Lumisterol
Macanese cuisine
Madras curry
Malabar matthi curry
Malaysian cuisine
Maltose
Management of obesity
Mechado
Medical classification
Medical diagnosis
Medical specialty
Medical Subject Headings
Medical test
Medication
Medicine
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolism
Metformin
Methylcobalamin
Mineral (nutrient)
Mor Kuzhambu
Mortar and pestle
Mustard oil
Mustard seed
Mutton curry
Naan
Nasi kari
Nasi padang
Niacin
Nicotinamide
Nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nicotinamide riboside
Nifedipine
Nihari
Nutrient
Nutrition
Obesity
Obesity-associated morbidity
Octotiamine
Omega-3 acid ethyl esters
Omega-3 fatty acid
Padang cuisine
Pakistani cuisine
Pantethine
Panthenol
Pantothenic acid
Paricalcitol
Paris Agreement
Parque del Café
Phanaeng
Pharmaceutical code
Pork
Portal:Cheese
Portal:Curry
Portal:Dietary supplement
Portal:Herbs and Spices
Portal:Medication
Portal:Medicine
Portuguese cuisine
Portuguese sauce
Portunus pelagicus
Potassium
Potassium citrate
Poultry
Previtamin D3
Probiotic
Prohormone
Prosultiamine
Protein
Protein (nutrient)
Protein poisoning
Protein toxicity
Provitamin
Pyridoxal
Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxamine
Pyridoxine
Pyritinol
Rajma
Red curry
Rendang
Renin–angiotensin system
Riboflavin
Rice
Rogan josh
Roti
Saffron
Samosa
Sautéing
SGLT2 inhibitor
Shorshe ilish
Shrimp paste
Sitagliptin
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2
South Asian cuisine
Spice
Spice mix
Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
Subspecialty
Sulbutiamine
Sulfonylurea
Sustainable energy
Tacalcitol
Tamarind
Telmisartan
Tempering (spices)
Template:Cheese
Template:Culinary herbs and spices
Template:Major Drug Groups
Template:Medicine
Template:Test
Thai curry
Thiamine
Thiamine monophosphate
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Tofu
Tomato purée
Traditional medicine
Triglyceride
Tteok
Tteokbokki
Turmeric
Type 2 diabetes
Type II collagen
Vietnamese cuisine
Vindaloo
Vitamer
Vitamin
Vitamin B1 analogues
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B6
Vitamin D
Vitamin D5
Wazwan
Weight management
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Yellow curry
Yogurt
Yōshoku
Zinc
Zinc and the common cold
Zinc gluconate
Language
aa - Afar
aae - Arbëresh
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Acehnese
acf - Saint Lucian Creole
acm - Iraqi Arabic
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
aln - Gheg Albanian
alt - Southern Altai
am - Amharic
ami - Amis
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
ann - Obolo
anp - Angika
apc - Levantine Arabic
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
ban-bali - Balinese (Balinese script)
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bci - Baoulé
bcl - Central Bikol
bdr - West Coast Bajau
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bew - Betawi
bg - Bulgarian
bgc - Haryanvi
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
blk - Pa'O
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
ccp - Chakma
cdo - Mindong
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
chn - Chinook Jargon
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cpx - Puxian
cpx-hans - Puxian (Simplified Han script)
cpx-hant - Puxian (Traditional Han script)
cpx-latn - Puxian (Latin script)
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Tatar
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
crh-ro - Dobrujan Tatar
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
dag - Dagbani
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
dga - Dagaare
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dua - Duala
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
efi - Efik
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - Spanish (formal address)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
fat - Fanti
ff - Fula
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fon - Fon
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gaa - Ga
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified Han script)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional Han script)
gcf - Guadeloupean Creole
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
gld - Nanai
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
gpe - Ghanaian Pidgin
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Alemannic
gu - Gujarati
guc - Wayuu
gur - Frafra
guw - Gun
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
hak-hans - Hakka (Simplified Han script)
hak-hant - Hakka (Traditional Han script)
hak-latn - Hak-kâ-ngî (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ)
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
hno - Northern Hindko
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
hsn - Xiang
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - Hungarian (formal address)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
iba - Iban
ibb - Ibibio
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
igl - Igala
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
isv-cyrl - Interslavic (Cyrillic script)
isv-latn - Interslavic (Latin script)
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kai - Karekare
kbd - Kabardian
kbd-cyrl - Kabardian (Cyrillic script)
kbp - Kabiye
kcg - Tyap
kea - Kabuverdianu
kg - Kongo
kge - Komering
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kjh - Khakas
kjp - Eastern Pwo
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
knc - Central Kanuri
ko - Korean
ko-kp - Korean (North Korea)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachay-Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelian
ks - Kashmiri
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Colognian
ksw - S'gaw Karen
ku - Kurdish
ku-arab - Kurdish (Arabic script)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kus - Kusaal
kv - Komi
kw - Cornish
ky - Kyrgyz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luxembourgish
lbe - Lak
lez - Lezghian
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgish
lij - Ligurian
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lld - Ladin
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Northern Luri
lt - Lithuanian
ltg - Latgalian
lua - Luba-Lulua
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvian
lzh - Literary Chinese
lzz - Laz
mad - Madurese
mag - Magahi
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasy
mh - Marshallese
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Māori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Macedonian
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolian
mnc - Manchu
mnc-latn - Manchu (Latin script)
mnc-mong - Manchu (Mongolian script)
mni - Manipuri
mnw - Mon
mo - Moldovan
mos - Mossi
mr - Marathi
mrh - Mara
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Malay
ms-arab - Malay (Jawi script)
mt - Maltese
mui - Musi
mus - Muscogee
mwl - Mirandese
my - Burmese
myv - Erzya
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nahuatl
nan - Minnan
nan-hant - Minnan (Traditional Han script)
nan-latn-pehoeji - Minnan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
nan-latn-tailo - Minnan (Tâi-lô)
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Norwegian Bokmål
nds - Low German
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
nia - Nias
nit - Southeastern Kolami
niu - Niuean
nl - Dutch
nl-informal - Dutch (informal address)
nmz - Nawdm
nn - Norwegian Nynorsk
no - Norwegian
nod - Northern Thai
nog - Nogai
nov - Novial
nqo - N’Ko
nr - South Ndebele
nrm - Norman
nso - Northern Sotho
nup - Nupe
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nyn - Nyankole
nyo - Nyoro
nys - Nyungar
oc - Occitan
ojb - Northwestern Ojibwa
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Odia
os - Ossetic
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pcm - Nigerian Pidgin
pdc - Pennsylvania German
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polish
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portuguese
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
pwn - Paiwan
qqq - Message documentation
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rki - Arakanese
rm - Romansh
rmc - Carpathian Romani
rmy - Vlax Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Romanian
roa-tara - Tarantino
rsk - Pannonian Rusyn
ru - Russian
rue - Rusyn
rup - Aromanian
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rut - Rutul
rw - Kinyarwanda
ryu - Okinawan
sa - Sanskrit
sah - Yakut
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinian
scn - Sicilian
sco - Scots
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Southern Kurdish
se - Northern Sami
se-fi - Northern Sami (Finland)
se-no - Northern Sami (Norway)
se-se - Northern Sami (Sweden)
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sgs - Samogitian
sh - Serbo-Croatian
sh-cyrl - Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic script)
sh-latn - Serbo-Croatian (Latin script)
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tachelhit (Latin script)
shi-tfng - Tachelhit (Tifinagh script)
shn - Shan
shy - Shawiya
shy-latn - Shawiya (Latin script)
si - Sinhala
simple - Simple English
sjd - Kildin Sami
sje - Pite Sami
sk - Slovak
skr - Saraiki
skr-arab - Saraiki (Arabic script)
sl - Slovenian
sli - Lower Silesian
sm - Samoan
sma - Southern Sami
smn - Inari Sami
sms - Skolt Sami
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albanian
sr - Serbian
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
sro - Campidanese Sardinian
ss - Swati
st - Southern Sotho
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - Siberian Tatar
su - Sundanese
sv - Swedish
sw - Swahili
syl - Sylheti
szl - Silesian
szy - Sakizaya
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
tdd - Tai Nuea
te - Telugu
tet - Tetum
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tig - Tigre
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tly-cyrl - Talysh (Cyrillic script)
tn - Tswana
to - Tongan
tok - Toki Pona
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turkish
tru - Turoyo
trv - Taroko
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
ttj - Tooro
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahitian
tyv - Tuvinian
tzm - Central Atlas Tamazight
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukrainian
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - Uzbek (Cyrillic script)
uz-latn - Uzbek (Latin script)
ve - Venda
vec - Venetian
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnamese
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vmw - Makhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Votic
vro - Võro
wa - Walloon
wal - Wolaytta
war - Waray
wls - Wallisian
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu
wuu-hans - Wu (Simplified Han script)
wuu-hant - Wu (Traditional Han script)
xal - Kalmyk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
xsy - Saisiyat
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
yrl - Nheengatu
yue - Cantonese
yue-hans - Cantonese (Simplified Han script)
yue-hant - Cantonese (Traditional Han script)
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zgh - Standard Moroccan Tamazight
zgh-latn - Standard Moroccan Tamazight (Latin script)
zh - Chinese
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - Simplified Chinese
zh-hant - Traditional Chinese
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - Chinese (Macau)
zh-my - Chinese (Malaysia)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
Format
Export for off-line translation
Export in native format
Export in CSV format
Fetch
<languages /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Short description|Food item containing cannabis extract or cannabinoids}} {{Cannabis sidebar}} A '''cannabis edible''', also known as a '''cannabis-infused food''' or simply an '''edible''', is a [[Food|food item]] (either homemade or produced commercially) that contains [[Comparison of phytocannabinoids#Decarboxylation Conversion Temperatures|decarboxylated cannabinoids]] (cannabinoid acids converted to their orally bioactive form) from [[cannabis extract]] as an [[active ingredient]]. Although ''edible'' may refer to either a food or a drink, a '''cannabis-infused drink''' may be referred to more specifically as a '''liquid edible''' or '''drinkable'''. Edibles are one of several methods used to consume cannabis. Unlike smoking, in which cannabinoids are inhaled into the lungs and pass rapidly into the bloodstream, peaking in about ten minutes and wearing off in a couple of hours, cannabis edibles may take hours to digest, and their effects may peak two to three hours after consumption and persist for around six hours. The food or drink used may affect both the timing and potency of the dose ingested. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Most edibles contain a significant amount of [[THC]], which can induce a [[Effects of cannabis|wide range of effects]], including: heightened sensory perception, [[Relaxation (psychology)|relaxation]], [[Somnolence|sleepiness]], [[dizziness]], [[Xerostomia|dry mouth]], [[euphoria]], [[depersonalization]] and/or [[derealization]], [[hallucination]]s, [[paranoia]], and decreased or increased [[anxiety]]. THC-dominant edibles are consumed for [[Recreational drug use|recreational]] and [[Medical cannabis|medical purposes]]. Some edibles contain a negligible amount of THC and are instead dominant in other cannabinoids, most commonly [[cannabidiol]] (CBD). The main characteristic of cannabis edibles is that they take longer to affect users compared to smoked cannabis. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Foods and beverages made from non-psychoactive cannabis products are known as [[hemp foods]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==History== === Eastern === [[File:Bhang eaters before two huts (6124556163).jpg|thumb|[[Bhang]] eaters from India c. 1790. Bhang is an edible preparation of [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] native to the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BC by [[Hindu]]s in [[ancient India]].]] The earliest mention of cannabis-infused food was as far back as 2000 B.C. in [[Indian subcontinent|India]]. Known as one of the oldest cannabis traditions, [[Bhang]] – a cannabis infused drink made with yogurt, nuts, spices, rose water – is an official drink of [[Holi]], highly celebrated and revered festivals celebrated by the people of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] community in India revering [[Shiva]] or [[Kali]]. The oil-solubility of cannabis extracts was also known to [[History of India|ancient Indians]], with [[Sanskrit]] recipes requiring cannabis to be [[Sautéing|sautéed]] in [[ghee]] before mixing it with other ingredients. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[Majoun]] (cannabis jam) is another early type of edible first created by the nomadic [[Berbers|Berber tribes]] of North Africa sometime around the 11th century. The traditional Majoun recipe calls for cannabis extract, [[datura]] seeds, honey, nuts, kif (a mixture of [[kief]]), and sometimes dates and figs. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Western === [[File:Alice B. Toklas, by Carl Van Vechten - 1949.jpg|thumb|Modern interest in edibles is attributed to [[Alice B. Toklas]] and [[The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook|her eponymous 1954 cookbook]].]] The first mention of edibles in Europe appeared in a cookbook titled ''[[De honesta voluptate et valetudine]]'', which translates to "On Honorable Pleasure and Health" written by [[Bartolomeo Platina]] in 1465. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The first cannabis edible recipe appeared in the United States in the early 1960s in a cookbook called ''[[The Alice B. Toklas Cook Book]]'' written by [[Alice B. Toklas]]. The recipe is called "Hashish Fudge" and was actually contributed by Alice's good friend, [[Brion Gysin]]. Although it was omitted from the first American editions, Toklas' name and her "brownies" became synonymous with cannabis in the growing [[Counterculture of the 1960s|1960s counterculture]]. Since then, many more [[cannabis cookbook]]s have been published. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> In some U.S. states that have legalized cannabis, edibles have experienced a dramatic rise in sales. Since edibles often look like regular candy, they can be mistakenly eaten by children. Between 2009 and 2015 after cannabis was legalised in Colorado, there was a five-fold increase in the number of children under 10 who were treated in hospital or poison center for exposure to cannabis. Edibles were implicated in over half of these. Variations in dosage and delay in onset of effects (leading to taking of additional doses) also can cause overdose especially in children and inexperienced users. Calls to [[Poison control center|poison control]] have dramatically increased since 2008 due to dogs ingesting edibles. In Canada, cannabis-infused food products were legalized in October 2018, but regulatory restrictions and reduced consumer interest may inhibit innovation. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==Chemistry== {{for|thermo-chemical conversion temperatures of cannabinoid acids to their orally bioactive form|Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids#Decarboxylation Conversion Temperatures}} {{Further|Cannabinoid|Cannabis (drug)|Tetrahydrocannabinol|Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Effects == Ingesting cannabis may produce effects that last longer and can be more intense than inhaling cannabis. Different edible formats of cannabinoids may affect the rate of cannabinoid digestion and metabolism, which vary among people. Generally, edible cannabis products are digested more slowly than occurs for [[aerosol]] products. Oral administration generally leads to two peaks of concentration, due to [[enterohepatic circulation]]. Common [[side effect]]s of ingesting edibles include increased appetite, dry mouth, and bloodshot eyes. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Possible health effects === Cannabis edibles contain both [[Delta-9-THC|delta 9 THC]], which is responsible for the psychotropic properties of feeling relaxed and euphoric, and [[Cannabidiol|CBD]], which may have effects without the psychoactive properties. Such effects may include [[Analgesic|analgesia]], decreased [[inflammation]], decreased [[spasticity]], and anti-seizure effects. Cannabis edibles with CBD can decrease symptoms of psychosis and anxiety. Edible oils, tinctures, pills, and gummies have been prescribed to people with cancer to potentially improve poor appetite, pain, or weight loss. Cannabis edibles may be effective for [[muscle spasm]]s and pain. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Possible side effects === Some users of cannabis have reported adverse effects, such as [[confusion]], [[hallucination]]s, [[panic attack]]s, [[paranoia]], and intense psychotic effects. Cannabis may cause short-term impairments in cognition, memory, alertness, coordination, and balance which can increase risk of falls, especially in older people, and make driving a car dangerous. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Overdoses may occur because the dosage of THC in edibles is impossible to determine without specialized lab equipment and it varies from product to product. Some or all legalized U.S. states require packaged edibles to have dosage on the label; for instance California AB266 requires labeling to include "THC and other cannabinoid amount in milligrams per serving, servings per package, and the THC and other cannabinoid amount in milligrams for the package total", and states have required the recall of incorrectly labeled products. Overdoses can cause behavioral impairments, such as [[paranoia]], impaired mobility, and [[nausea]]. Other risks, as a result of regular long-term cannabis use, include harmful effects to brain development, heart function, memory and cognition, and psychiatric health. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Long-term recreational marijuana use can cause cognitive impairments and also lead to [[cannabis use disorder]] (CUD). Symptoms of CUD include lack of motivation, decreased concentration, and loss of interest in other activities, tolerance, and dependence. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Types == === Edible infusions === ==== Food ==== [[File:Three space brownies.jpg|thumb|Three hash cakes made with cannabis. Such cakes are often referred to as "space cakes".]] [[File:Sativa cannabis gummies.jpg|thumb|THC infused [[Gummy|gummies]] suitable for [[sublingual administration]]. These are 5 milligrams each.]] </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The important base to all food edibles is that it has fat that has been infused with THC. In other words, any food that contains butter, oil, milk, or any fatty substance can be turned into an edible. Examples of cannabis-infused foods include baked goods, candy, potato chips, and more. One may not be able to distinguish between regular baked goods and those containing cannabinoids. A mild grassy or cannabis flavor might be detectable if sufficient cannabis quantities are used. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[Dawamesc]] is a cannabis edible found in Algeria and some other Arab countries, made of cannabis tops combined with: "sugar, orange juice, cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, nutmeg, musk, pistachios, and pine nuts." </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[Happy pizza]] is a style of [[pizza]] in [[Cambodia]] which includes cannabis-infused ingredients and has enough [[Tetrahydrocannabinol|THC]] for psychoactive effects. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Cannabis-infused [[Chocolate brownie|brownie]]s contain [[cocoa solids]] which forms a [[List of polysubstance combinations|polysubstance combination]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==== Drink ==== {{see also|Hemp beer|hemp milk}} [[File:Cannabis Energy Drink, Winschoten (2023) 04.jpg|thumb|upright|A can of hemp-based energy beverage]] {{multiple image | width = 85 | image1 = Bela pana.jpeg | image2 = Bhang (3948082027).jpg | footer = [[Bhang]] drinks }} A cannabis-infused drink is a drink infused with THC and can be as potent as a cannabis-infused food. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> In U.S. states that have legalized cannabis for recreational use, drinks were about 4% of the cannabis market in 2014 but had fallen to around 1.5% of the market in 2016. Cannabis infused drinks can come in the form of coffee, tea, soda, and [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]]. THC-infused [[Carbonated water|seltzer]]s, a rapidly growing category of cannabis beverages, are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to alcohol. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> List: * [[Bhang]] * [[Cannabis tea]] * [[Maltos-Cannabis]] * [[Pabst Blue Ribbon THC-infused seltzer]] </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ===== Tincture ===== {{further|Tincture of cannabis}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> According to the [[European Medicines Agency|European Medicines Agency (EMA)]] cannabis tinctures (''tincturea'') are a type of liquid cannabis extract obtained using [[ethanol]], [[water]], [[glycerol]], [[propylene glycol]] and [[fatty oils]] as extraction solvents, depending on the type of tincture (and also on the solvent used) it can have a specific mass/volume ratio or a specific [[therapeutic agents]] content. Tinctures are potent, alcohol-based cannabis extracts. The solubility of [[THC]] in ethanol is greater than 1 g/mL. They are considered edibles as they are meant to be absorbed through the mouth and tongue. Tinctures are generally placed under the tongue using a dropper to allow it to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Tinctures can be added to any food or drink and provides more control over the cannabis dosage compared to cannabis-infused foods or drinks. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==== Dissolvable cannabinoid powder ==== Dissolvable cannabinoid powder is tasteless and odorless, and may elicit effects typical of oral cannabis products. Powders are water-soluble and can be mixed into foods and drinks. Unlike traditional edibles which can take some 90 minutes to take effect, cannabinoid powder may produce effects within 20 minutes due to solubility and uptake of the powder constituents via the digestive tract, allowing rapid effects, especially of THC. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==== CBD edibles ==== [[Cannabidiol]] (CBD) edibles are non-psychoactive and non-intoxicating, and contain varying amounts of THC, according to the manufacturer. These edibles provide the effects of cannabis without the psychoactive response to THC. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ====Capsule==== Cannabis [[Capsule (pharmacy)|capsules]] are considered edibles as they are also metabolized in the [[Gastrointestinal tract|gut]]. Capsules can contain either THC or CBD and are an easier, more convenient way of administering products. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Ingredients === [[File:Hemp extract fine.jpg|thumb|One form of [[hash oil]]]] [[File:Cannabutter.jpg|thumb|Making cannabutter]] </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==== Oil ==== {{main|Hash oil}} [[Hash oil|Cannabis oil]], or canna-oil, is a product that combines oil with THC. This combination is achieved through a process of infusion, where the THC is extracted from the flowers or concentrates and then added to the oil. The resulting product is a liquid that can be consumed orally, used as a cooking ingredient, or applied topically. Coconut oil is a commonly used oil for infusion, but other options are olive, avocado, and walnut oil. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ==== Butter ==== Cannabis butter, or cannabutter, is unsalted butter blended with cannabis and water. Cleaned and dried buds are [[steeping|steeped]] in melted butter or oil in preparation for consumption. Cannabutter can be added to any baking recipe. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Safety == === Physical === The adverse effects on health are most important when it is used in excessive quantities or with heavy frequency. A study funded by the [[National Institute on Drug Abuse]] entitled "Tasty THC: Promises and Challenges of Cannabis Edibles" found that heavy, long-term cannabis use appeared to worsen brain development, and psychiatric and heart health. On the other hand, the study also discovered that cannabis edibles did not appear to affect pulmonary function nor increase risk for cancer which is one reason people choose cannabis edibles over smoking cannabis. The study concedes that over-consuming cannabis is not lethal; to date, there has never been a death related to the actual toxicity of cannabis. However, there has been one death involving cannabis edibles. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A safety concern with regards to cannabis edibles is overconsumption which is usually caused by the delayed effects of ingested cannabis. Because users do not feel the effects of cannabis edibles immediately, users may eat more to compensate and end up consuming too much THC. As a result, cannabis edibles as such have caused the most healthcare visits as compared to other forms of cannabis consumption.(Additionally, the amount of THC in any individual product may be highly variable.) Additionally people can have very different responses to the same amount of THC with 2.5 mg being enough for some people to begin to feel effects whilst, for others, 50 mg is required. Thus typical advice for newcomers is to "start low and go slow" in order to gauge the over-all initial effects, with 5–10 mg being one neophyte range. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Psychological === High concentrations of THC have been shown to cause [[hallucination]]s, delusions, and anxiety in some people; for most, these symptoms only last as long as that person is intoxicated, but some people can be affected for several days. Cannabis use has been connected with increased use of other drugs, although this connection has never been shown to be causal. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Children === Many edible cannabis products are packaged in a way which could appeal to children (gummies, etc.), though laws requiring a minimum age to purchase recreational cannabis are universal in jurisdictions that have fully legalized its use, similar to age restrictions on alcohol. As with alcohol and prescription medicines, care should be taken to prevent children from having access to the product, as cannabis edibles have been the main cause of a number of health care visits relating to accidental cannabis consumption by children. In 2022, the US [[National Poison Data System]] reported about 6,000 people calling for help after children under the age of 13 ate cannabis edibles, compared to 1,800 calls for [[Cannabidiol|CBD]] and 2,000 for dried marijuana. Children under the age of 5 who ate cannabis edibles is the largest source of marijuana-related calls to poison centers (36% of calls about marijuana product exposures in 2021). Although 65% of calls about a child under 13 who had consumed edibles ultimately involved no or only minor effects, almost 3% involved a child who was experiencing life-threatening symptoms or a similar major effect from consumption of the edibles. About 60% of these calls resulted in medical evaluation, and 20% resulted in [[hospitalization]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[Cannabis intoxication]] in children under 10 is primarily due to unintentional intoxication through cannabis edibles, such as a child eating what appears to be candy. In such cases, it is typically the only drug consumed by the child, and is much more likely to result in hospitalization than in teenagers. {{As of|2023}}, many children have needed care in an [[intensive care unit]], including [[Tracheal intubation|intubation]]. Although deaths and other serious outcomes are "rarely reported", at least one child has died from eating THC gummies. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == See also == {{Portal|Cannabis|Drink|Food}} * [[Brownie Mary]] * [[Chef Ra]] * [[Mushroom edible]] {{Clear}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == External links == {{Commons category}} {{Cookbook|Magic Brownie}} *[https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/Beyond-brownies-Cannabis-chefs-elevate-edibles-13291212.php Beyond brownies: Cannabis chefs elevate edibles recipes]. San Francisco Chronicle. 2018-10-09. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{Cannabis}} </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[Category:Cannabis foods| ]] [[Category:Cannabis culture]] {{二次利用|date=2025, at 13:58}} </div>
Navigation menu
Personal tools
English
Log in
Namespaces
Translate
English
Views
Language statistics
Message group statistics
Export
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
Help about MediaWiki
Tools
Special pages
Printable version
LINK
投資用語集
The Motley Fool
Wikipedia ja
Wikipedia en
Create Item
Create Property
In other projects