Lipid/en: Difference between revisions

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===Component of biological membranes===

[[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] cells feature the compartmentalized membrane-bound [[organelle]]s that carry out different biological functions. The [[glycerophospholipids]] are the main structural component of [[biological membranes]], as the cellular [[plasma membrane]] and the intracellular membranes of organelles; in animal cells, the plasma membrane physically separates the [[intracellular]] components from the [[extracellular]] environment.~~{{citation needed|date= January 2015}}~~ The glycerophospholipids are [[amphipathic]] molecules (containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived "tails" by ester linkages and to one "head" group by a [[phosphate]] ester linkage.~~{{citation needed|date= January 2015}}~~ While glycerophospholipids are the major component of biological membranes, other non-glyceride lipid components such as [[sphingomyelin]] and [[sterol]]s (mainly cholesterol in animal cell membranes) are also found in biological membranes. In plants and algae, the galactosyldiacylglycerols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, which lack a phosphate group, are important components of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and are among the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues, including those of higher plants, algae and certain bacteria.

[[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] cells feature the compartmentalized membrane-bound [[organelle]]s that carry out different biological functions. The [[glycerophospholipids]] are the main structural component of [[biological membranes]], as the cellular [[plasma membrane]] and the intracellular membranes of organelles; in animal cells, the plasma membrane physically separates the [[intracellular]] components from the [[extracellular]] environment. The glycerophospholipids are [[amphipathic]] molecules (containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived "tails" by ester linkages and to one "head" group by a [[phosphate]] ester linkage. While glycerophospholipids are the major component of biological membranes, other non-glyceride lipid components such as [[sphingomyelin]] and [[sterol]]s (mainly cholesterol in animal cell membranes) are also found in biological membranes. In plants and algae, the galactosyldiacylglycerols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, which lack a phosphate group, are important components of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and are among the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues, including those of higher plants, algae and certain bacteria.

Plant thylakoid membranes have the largest lipid component of a non-bilayer forming monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG), and little phospholipids; despite this unique lipid composition, chloroplast thylakoid membranes have been shown to contain a dynamic lipid-bilayer matrix as revealed by magnetic resonance and electron microscope studies.

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 ===Component of biological membranes===
-[[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] cells feature the compartmentalized membrane-bound [[organelle]]s that carry out different biological functions. The [[glycerophospholipids]] are the main structural component of [[biological membranes]], as the cellular [[plasma membrane]] and the intracellular membranes of organelles; in animal cells, the plasma membrane physically separates the [[intracellular]] components from the [[extracellular]] environment.{{citation needed|date= January 2015}} The glycerophospholipids are [[amphipathic]] molecules (containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived "tails" by ester linkages and to one "head" group by a [[phosphate]] ester linkage.{{citation needed|date= January 2015}} While glycerophospholipids are the major component of biological membranes, other non-glyceride lipid components such as [[sphingomyelin]] and [[sterol]]s (mainly cholesterol in animal cell membranes) are also found in biological membranes. In plants and algae, the galactosyldiacylglycerols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, which lack a phosphate group, are important components of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and are among the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues, including those of higher plants, algae and certain bacteria.
+[[Eukaryote|Eukaryotic]] cells feature the compartmentalized membrane-bound [[organelle]]s that carry out different biological functions. The [[glycerophospholipids]] are the main structural component of [[biological membranes]], as the cellular [[plasma membrane]] and the intracellular membranes of organelles; in animal cells, the plasma membrane physically separates the [[intracellular]] components from the [[extracellular]] environment. The glycerophospholipids are [[amphipathic]] molecules (containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived "tails" by ester linkages and to one "head" group by a [[phosphate]] ester linkage. While glycerophospholipids are the major component of biological membranes, other non-glyceride lipid components such as [[sphingomyelin]] and [[sterol]]s (mainly cholesterol in animal cell membranes) are also found in biological membranes. In plants and algae, the galactosyldiacylglycerols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, which lack a phosphate group, are important components of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and are among the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues, including those of higher plants, algae and certain bacteria.
 Plant thylakoid membranes have the largest lipid component of a non-bilayer forming monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG), and little phospholipids; despite this unique lipid composition, chloroplast thylakoid membranes have been shown to contain a dynamic lipid-bilayer matrix as revealed by magnetic resonance and electron microscope studies.