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Message definition (Chinese herbology)
==50 fundamental herbs==
In Chinese herbology, there are 50 "fundamental" herbs, as given in the reference text, although these herbs are not universally recognized as such in other texts. The herbs are:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
![[Binomial nomenclature]]
!Chinese name
!English common name (when available)
|-
||''[[Agastache rugosa]]'', ''[[Pogostemon cablin]]'' || huò xiāng ({{linktext|lang=zh|藿|香}})||Korean mint, Patchouli
|-
||''[[Alangium chinense]]'' || bā jiǎo fēng ({{linktext|lang=zh|八|角|枫}})||Chinese Alangium root
|-
||''[[Anemone chinensis]]'' (syn. ''Pulsatilla chinensis'') || bái tóu weng <!--need tone for third syllable-->({{linktext|lang=zh|白|头|翁}})<!--THIS APPEARS TO BE THE WRONG PLANT-->||Chinese anemone
|-
||''[[Anisodus tanguticus]]'' || shān làng dàng ({{linktext|lang=zh|山|莨|菪}})<!--check this; is there a fourth character 属?-->||(trans.) Mountain henbane
|-
||''[[Ardisia japonica]]'' || zǐ jīn niú ({{linktext|lang=zh|紫|金|牛}})||Marlberry
|-
||''[[Aster tataricus]]'' || zǐ wǎn ({{linktext|lang=zh|紫|菀}})||Tatar aster, Tartar aster
|-
||''[[Astragalus propinquus]]'' (syn. ''Astragalus membranaceus'') || huáng qí ({{linktext|lang=zh|黄|芪}}) or běi qí ({{linktext|lang=zh|北|芪}})||Mongolian milkvetch
|-
||''[[Camellia sinensis]]'' || chá shù ({{linktext|lang=zh|茶|树}}) or chá yè ({{linktext|lang=zh|茶|叶}})<!--former genus name:''Thea''-->||Tea plant
|-
||''[[Cannabis sativa]]'' || dà má ({{linktext|lang=zh|大|麻}})||Cannabis
|-
||''[[Carthamus tinctorius]]'' || hóng huā ({{linktext|lang=zh|红|花}})<!--check tone for "hong"-->||Safflower
|-
||''[[Cinnamomum aromaticum|Cinnamomum cassia]]'' || ròu gùi ({{linktext|lang=zh|肉|桂}})||Cassia, Chinese cinnamon
|-
||''[[Cissampelos pareira]]'' || xí shēng téng ({{linktext|lang=zh|锡|生|藤}}) or ({{linktext|lang=zh|亞|乎|奴}})<!--get pinyin for second set of characters-->||Velvet leaf
|-
||''[[Coptis chinensis]]'' || duǎn è huáng lián ({{linktext|lang=zh|短|萼|黄|连}})<!--other species: ''teeta''?-->||Chinese goldthread
|-
||''[[Corydalis yanhusuo]]'' || yán hú suǒ ({{linktext|lang=zh|延|胡|索}})<!--also add variety name?-->||Chinese poppy of Yan Hu Sou
|-
||''[[Croton tiglium]]'' || bā dòu ({{linktext|lang=zh|巴|豆}})<!--need to check-->||Purging croton
|-
||''[[Daphne genkwa]]'' || yuán huā ({{linktext|lang=zh|芫|花}})||Lilac daphne
|-
||''[[Datura metel]]'' || yáng jīn huā<!--check pinyin--> ({{linktext|lang=zh|洋|金|花}})<!--also add other Chinese names-->||Devil's trumpet
|-
||''[[Datura stramonium]]'' || zǐ huā màn tuó luó ({{linktext|lang=zh|紫|花|曼|陀|萝}})||Jimson weed
|-
||''[[Dendrobium nobile]]'' || shí hú ({{linktext|lang=zh|石|斛}}) or shí hú lán ({{linktext|lang=zh|石|斛|兰}})||Noble dendrobium
|-
||''[[Dichroa febrifuga]]'' || cháng shān ({{linktext|常山}})||Blue evergreen hydrangea, Chinese quinine
|-
||''[[Ephedra sinica]]'' || cǎo má huáng ({{linktext|lang=zh|草|麻|黄}})<!--can someone check the pinyin and tones?-->||Chinese ephedra
|-
||''[[Eucommia ulmoides]]'' || dù zhòng ({{linktext|lang=zh|杜|仲}})||Hardy rubber tree
|-
||''[[Euphorbia pekinensis]]'' || dà jǐ ({{linktext|lang=zh|大|戟}})||Peking spurge
|-
||''[[Flueggea suffruticosa]]'' (formerly ''[[Securinega]] suffruticosa'') || yī yè qiū ({{linktext|lang=zh|一|叶|秋}})||
|-
||''[[Forsythia suspensa]]'' || liánqiáo ({{linktext|lang=zh|连|翘}})<!--maybe qiáo? check tone of second syllable-->||Weeping forsythia
|-
||''[[Gentiana loureiroi]]'' || dì dīng ({{linktext|lang=zh|地|丁}})<!--Or loureirii?-->||
|-
||''[[Gleditsia sinensis]]'' || zào jiá ({{linktext|lang=zh|皂|荚}})<!--Chinese name needs to be checked-->||Chinese honeylocust
|-
||''[[Glycyrrhiza uralensis]]'' || gān cǎo ({{linktext|lang=zh|甘|草}})|| Licorice
|-
||''[[Hydnocarpus anthelminticus]]'' (syn. ''H. anthelminthica'') || dà fēng zǐ ({{linktext|lang=zh|大|风|子}})||Chaulmoogra tree
|-
||''[[Ilex purpurea]]'' || dōngqīng ({{linktext|lang=zh|冬|青}})<!--or Ilex chinensis?-->||Purple holly
|-
||''[[Leonurus japonicus]]'' || yì mǔ cǎo ({{linktext|lang=zh|益|母|草}})<!--also species ''sibiricus''?-->||Chinese motherwort
|-
||''[[Ligusticum wallichii]]'' || chuān xiōng ({{linktext|川|芎}})|| Szechwan lovage
|-
||''[[Lobelia chinensis]]'' || bàn biān lián ({{linktext|lang=zh|半|边|莲}})||Creeping lobelia
|-
||''[[Phellodendron amurense]]'' || [[huáng bǎi]] ({{linktext|lang=zh|黄|柏}})||Amur cork tree
|-
||''[[Platycladus orientalis]]'' (formerly ''Thuja orientalis'') || cè bǎi ({{linktext|lang=zh|侧|柏}})|| Chinese arborvitae
|-
||''[[Pseudolarix amabilis]]'' || jīn qián sōng ({{linktext|lang=zh|金|钱|松}})|| Golden larch
|-
||''[[Psilopeganum sinense]]'' || shān má huáng ({{linktext|lang=zh|山|麻|黄}})||Naked rue
|-
||''[[Pueraria lobata]]'' || gé gēn ({{linktext|lang=zh|葛|根}})||Kudzu
|-
||''[[Rauvolfia serpentina]]'' || shégēnmù ({{linktext|lang=zh|蛇|根|木}}), cóng shégēnmù ({{linktext|lang=zh|從|蛇|根|木}}) or yìndù shé mù ({{linktext|lang=zh|印|度|蛇|木}}) || Sarpagandha, Indian snakeroot
|-
||''[[Rehmannia glutinosa]]'' || dìhuáng ({{linktext|lang=zh|地|黄}})||Chinese foxglove
|-
||''[[Rheum officinale]]'' || yào yòng dà huáng ({{linktext|lang=zh|药|用|大|黄}})||Chinese or Eastern rhubarb
|-
||''[[Rhododendron qinghaiense]]'' || Qīng hǎi dù juān<!--check pinyin--> ({{linktext|lang=zh|青|海|杜|鹃}})<!--need to check-->||
|-
||''[[Saussurea costus]]'' || yún mù xiāng ({{linktext|lang=zh|云|木|香}})||Costus root
|-
||''[[Schisandra chinensis]]'' || wǔ wèi zi ({{linktext|lang=zh|五|味|子}}) ||Chinese magnolia vine
|-
||''[[Scutellaria baicalensis]]'' || huáng qín ({{linktext|lang=zh|黄|芩}})|| Baikal skullcap
|-
||''[[Stemona tuberosa]]'' || bǎi bù ({{linktext|lang=zh|百|部}})||
|-
||''[[Stephania tetrandra]]'' || fáng jǐ ({{linktext|lang=zh|防|己}})<!--find alternate names-->||Stephania root
|-
||''[[Styphnolobium japonicum]]'' (formerly ''Sophora japonica'') || huái ({{linktext|lang=zh|槐}}), huái shù ({{linktext|lang=zh|槐|树}}), or huái huā ({{linktext|lang=zh|槐|花}})<!--need to check-->|| Pagoda tree
|-
||''[[Trichosanthes kirilowii]]'' || guā lóu ({{linktext|lang=zh|栝|楼}})|| Chinese cucumber
|-
||''[[Wikstroemia indica]]'' || liāo gē wáng ({{linktext|lang=zh|了|哥|王}})|| Indian stringbush
|}

50 fundamental herbs

In Chinese herbology, there are 50 "fundamental" herbs, as given in the reference text, although these herbs are not universally recognized as such in other texts. The herbs are:

Binomial nomenclature Chinese name English common name (when available)
Agastache rugosa, Pogostemon cablin huò xiāng (藿香) Korean mint, Patchouli
Alangium chinense bā jiǎo fēng (八角枫) Chinese Alangium root
Anemone chinensis (syn. Pulsatilla chinensis) bái tóu weng (白头翁) Chinese anemone
Anisodus tanguticus shān làng dàng (山莨菪) (trans.) Mountain henbane
Ardisia japonica zǐ jīn niú (紫金牛) Marlberry
Aster tataricus zǐ wǎn (紫菀) Tatar aster, Tartar aster
Astragalus propinquus (syn. Astragalus membranaceus) huáng qí (黄芪) or běi qí (北芪) Mongolian milkvetch
Camellia sinensis chá shù (茶树) or chá yè (茶叶) Tea plant
Cannabis sativa dà má (大麻) Cannabis
Carthamus tinctorius hóng huā (红花) Safflower
Cinnamomum cassia ròu gùi (肉桂) Cassia, Chinese cinnamon
Cissampelos pareira xí shēng téng (锡生藤) or (亞乎奴) Velvet leaf
Coptis chinensis duǎn è huáng lián (短萼黄连) Chinese goldthread
Corydalis yanhusuo yán hú suǒ (延胡索) Chinese poppy of Yan Hu Sou
Croton tiglium bā dòu (巴豆) Purging croton
Daphne genkwa yuán huā (芫花) Lilac daphne
Datura metel yáng jīn huā (洋金花) Devil's trumpet
Datura stramonium zǐ huā màn tuó luó (紫花曼陀萝) Jimson weed
Dendrobium nobile shí hú (石斛) or shí hú lán (石斛兰) Noble dendrobium
Dichroa febrifuga cháng shān (常山) Blue evergreen hydrangea, Chinese quinine
Ephedra sinica cǎo má huáng (草麻黄) Chinese ephedra
Eucommia ulmoides dù zhòng (杜仲) Hardy rubber tree
Euphorbia pekinensis dà jǐ (大戟) Peking spurge
Flueggea suffruticosa (formerly Securinega suffruticosa) yī yè qiū (一叶秋)
Forsythia suspensa liánqiáo (连翘) Weeping forsythia
Gentiana loureiroi dì dīng (地丁)
Gleditsia sinensis zào jiá (皂荚) Chinese honeylocust
Glycyrrhiza uralensis gān cǎo (甘草) Licorice
Hydnocarpus anthelminticus (syn. H. anthelminthica) dà fēng zǐ (大风子) Chaulmoogra tree
Ilex purpurea dōngqīng (冬青) Purple holly
Leonurus japonicus yì mǔ cǎo (益母草) Chinese motherwort
Ligusticum wallichii chuān xiōng (川芎) Szechwan lovage
Lobelia chinensis bàn biān lián (半边莲) Creeping lobelia
Phellodendron amurense huáng bǎi (黄柏) Amur cork tree
Platycladus orientalis (formerly Thuja orientalis) cè bǎi (侧柏) Chinese arborvitae
Pseudolarix amabilis jīn qián sōng (金钱松) Golden larch
Psilopeganum sinense shān má huáng (山麻黄) Naked rue
Pueraria lobata gé gēn (葛根) Kudzu
Rauvolfia serpentina shégēnmù (蛇根木), cóng shégēnmù (從蛇根木) or yìndù shé mù (印度蛇木) Sarpagandha, Indian snakeroot
Rehmannia glutinosa dìhuáng (地黄) Chinese foxglove
Rheum officinale yào yòng dà huáng (药用大黄) Chinese or Eastern rhubarb
Rhododendron qinghaiense Qīng hǎi dù juān (青海杜鹃)
Saussurea costus yún mù xiāng (云木香) Costus root
Schisandra chinensis wǔ wèi zi (五味子) Chinese magnolia vine
Scutellaria baicalensis huáng qín (黄芩) Baikal skullcap
Stemona tuberosa bǎi bù (百部)
Stephania tetrandra fáng jǐ (防己) Stephania root
Styphnolobium japonicum (formerly Sophora japonica) huái (槐), huái shù (槐树), or huái huā (槐花) Pagoda tree
Trichosanthes kirilowii guā lóu (栝楼) Chinese cucumber
Wikstroemia indica liāo gē wáng (了哥王) Indian stringbush
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