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 {{Short description|Substance that decreases activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism}}
 A '''xanthine oxidase inhibitor''' is any substance that [[Enzyme inhibitor|inhibits]] the activity of [[xanthine oxidase]], an [[enzyme]] involved in [[purine metabolism]].  In [[human]]s, inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of [[uric acid]], and several [[medication]]s that inhibit xanthine oxidase are [[Indication (medicine)|indicated]] for treatment of [[hyperuricemia]] and related medical conditions including [[gout]]. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are being investigated for management of [[reperfusion injury]].

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<languages />
{{Short description|Substance that decreases activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism}}
A '''xanthine oxidase inhibitor''' is any substance that [[Enzyme inhibitor|inhibits]] the activity of [[xanthine oxidase]], an [[enzyme]] involved in [[purine metabolism]]. In [[human]]s, inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of [[uric acid]], and several [[medication]]s that inhibit xanthine oxidase are [[Indication (medicine)|indicated]] for treatment of [[hyperuricemia]] and related medical conditions including [[gout]]. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are being investigated for management of [[reperfusion injury]].

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are of two kinds: [[purine analogue]]s and others. Purine analogues include [[allopurinol]], [[oxypurinol]], and [[tisopurine]]. Others include [[febuxostat]], [[topiroxostat]], and [[inositol]]s ([[phytic acid]] and [[Inositol|myo-inositol]]).

In experiments, numerous [[natural product]]s have been found to inhibit xanthine oxidase [[in vitro]] or in model animals ([[mouse|mice]], [[rat]]s). These include three [[flavonoid]]s that occur in many different fruits and vegetables: [[kaempferol]], [[myricetin]], and [[quercetin]]. More generally, planar flavones and flavonols with a 7-hydroxyl group inhibit xanthine oxidase. An [[essential oil]] extracted from ''[[Cinnamomum osmophloeum]]'' inhibits xanthine oxidase in [[mouse|mice]]. The natural product [[propolis]] from selected sources inhibits xanthine oxidase in [[rat]]s; the specific substance responsible for this inhibition has not been identified, and the generality of these findings is unknown. An extract of leaves of ''[[Pistacia integerrima]]'' also inhibits xanthine oxidase at a level that appears to merit further research.

In [[folk medicine]] the [[tree fern]] ''[[Cyathea spinulosa]]'' (formerly ''Alsophila spinulosa'') has been used for gout, but its most active component, [[caffeic acid]], is only a weak inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.

{{Enzyme inhibition}}
{{Antigout preparations}}
{{Purinergics}}

{{二次利用|date=10 December 2023}}
[[Category:Xanthine oxidase inhibitors| ]]
[[Category:Uric acid]]

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor/en - Revision history

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