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<p>Importing a new version from external source</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>===Thiamine pyrophosphate===<br /> {{main|thiamine pyrophosphate}}<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | align = right<br /> | direction = vertical<br /> | width = 220<br /> | header =<br /> | image1 = Thiamine_diphosphate_coloured.svg<br /> | caption1 = Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)<br /> | image2 = TPP-ylide.svg<br /> | caption2 = The ylide form of TPP<br /> }}<br /> Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), also called thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), participates as a coenzyme in metabolic reactions, including those in which [[umpolung|polarity inversion]] takes place. Its synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme [[thiamine diphosphokinase]] according to the reaction thiamine + ATP → TPP + AMP (EC 2.7.6.2). TPP is a [[coenzyme]] for several enzymes that catalyze the transfer of two-carbon units and in particular the [[dehydrogenation]] ([[decarboxylation]] and subsequent conjugation with [[coenzyme A]]) of 2-oxoacids (alpha-keto acids). The mechanism of action of TPP as a coenzyme relies on its ability to form an [[ylide]]. Examples include:<br /> * Present in most species<br /> ** [[pyruvate dehydrogenase]] and 2-[[oxoglutarate dehydrogenase]] (also called [[alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase|α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase]])<br /> ** [[branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase]]<br /> ** [[2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase]]<br /> ** [[transketolase]]<br /> * Present in some species:<br /> ** [[pyruvate decarboxylase]] (in [[yeast]])<br /> ** several additional [[bacteria]]l enzymes</div>

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