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A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a [[polypeptide]]. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called [[peptide]]s. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by [[peptide bond]]s and adjacent amino acid residues. The [[Protein primary structure|sequence]] of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the [[DNA sequencing|sequence]] of a gene, which is encoded in the [[genetic code]]. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; but in certain organisms the genetic code can include [[selenocysteine]] and—in certain [[archaea]]—[[pyrrolysine]]. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by [[post-translational modification]], which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Some proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called [[prosthetic group]]s or [[Cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactors]]. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable [[protein complex]]es.

Translations:Protein/3/en - Revision history

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