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[[File:Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov 1913.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Élie Metchnikoff]] first suggested the possibility of colonizing the gut with beneficial bacteria in the early 20th century.]]
The original modern hypothesis of the positive role played by certain bacteria was first introduced by Russian scientist and [[Nobel prize|Nobel laureate]] [[Élie Metchnikoff]], who in 1907 suggested that it would be possible to modify the [[gut flora|gut microbiota]] and to replace harmful microbes with useful microbes. Metchnikoff, at that time a professor at the [[Pasteur Institute]] in [[Paris]], proposed the hypothesis that the [[aging]] process results from the activity of [[Putrefaction|putrefactive]] ([[proteolytic]]) microbes producing toxic substances in the [[large bowel]]. Proteolytic bacteria such as [[clostridia]], which are part of the normal gut microbiota, produce toxic substances including [[phenols]], [[Indole|indols]], and [[ammonia]] from the [[digestion]] of [[proteins]]. According to [[Élie Metchnikoff|Metchnikoff]], these compounds were responsible for what he called "intestinal [[autointoxication]]", which would cause the physical changes associated with old age.

Translations:Probiotic/19/en - Revision history

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