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==List of North American medical specialties and others==
In this table, as in many healthcare arenas, medical specialties are organized into the following groups:
* [[Surgery|Surgical]] specialties focus on manually operative and instrumental techniques to treat disease.
* [[Medicine|Medical]] specialties that focus on the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of disease.
* [[Diagnostic specialty|Diagnostic]] specialties focus more purely on diagnosis of disorders.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Specialty
! Code
! Group
! Sub-specialties
! Focus
|-
| [[Allergy]] and [[immunology]]
|
|
|
| Allergic reactions, asthma, and the immune system.
|-
| [[Anesthesiology]]
| AN, PAN
| Surgery
|
*[[Pediatric anesthesia]]
*[[Pain management]]
*[[Intensive care]]
*[[intensive-care medicine|Critical care]]
*[[Obstetrics and gynaecology]]
*[[Cardiothoracic anesthesiology]]
*Trauma care
*Pre- and Post-Operative Assessment and Care
*Generalist (covers all the sub-specialties)
| [[Anesthesia]]
|-
| [[Bariatrics]]
|
|
|
| Deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of [[obesity]].
|-
| [[Cardiology]]
|
| [[Medicine]]
|
* [[Interventional cardiology]]
* [[Echocardiography]]
* [[Electrocardiography]]
* [[Sports cardiology]]
* [[Cardiogeriatrics]]
* Preventive cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation
* Pediatric cardiology
| Disease of the [[cardiovascular system]].
|-
| [[Cardiovascular surgery]]
|
| [[Surgery]]
|
| The operation of [[heart]] and major [[blood vessel]]s of the [[chest]].
|-
| [[Clinical laboratory]] sciences
|
| Diagnostic
|
*[[Transfusion medicine]] is concerned with the transfusion of [[blood]] and [[blood component]], including the maintenance of a "[[blood bank]]".
*[[Cellular pathology]] is concerned with diagnosis using samples from patients taken as tissues and cells using [[histology]] and [[cytopathology|cytology]].
*[[Clinical chemistry]] is concerned with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids, and tissues.
*[[Hematology]] is concerned with diagnosis by looking at changes in the cellular composition of the [[blood]] and [[bone marrow]] as well as the [[coagulation system]] in the blood.
*[[Clinical microbiology]] is concerned with the ''[[in vitro]]'' diagnosis of diseases caused by [[bacterium|bacteria]], [[virus]]es, [[fungus|fungi]], and [[parasite]]s.
*[[Clinical immunology]] is concerned with disorders of the [[immune system]] and related body defenses. It also deals with diagnosis of [[allergy]].
| Application of diagnostic techniques in [[medical laboratories]] such as [[assay]]s, [[microscope]] analysis.
|-
| [[Dermatology]]
| D, DS
| Medicine
| Dermatology, [[Mohs surgery]]
| [[Skin]] and its appendages ([[hair]], [[nail (anatomy)|nail]]s, [[sweat gland]]s etc.).
|-
| [[Dietetics]]
| RD
|
|
|Food and nutrition
|-
| [[Emergency medicine]]
| EM
| Medicine
|
*[[Disaster medicine]]
*Emergency medical services
*Hospice and palliative medicine
*International Emergency Medicine and Global Health
*Medical toxicology
*[[Pediatric emergency medicine]]
*Research
*Simulation
*Sports medicine
*Toxicology
*Ultrasound
*Undersea and hyperbaric medicine
*[[Wilderness medicine (practice)|Wilderness medicine]]
| The initial management of emergent medical conditions, often in hospital [[emergency room|emergency departments]] or the field.
|-
| [[Endocrinology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| The [[endocrine system]] (i.e., [[endocrine gland]]s and [[hormone]]s) and its diseases, including [[diabetes]] and [[thyroid]] diseases.
|-
| [[Family medicine]]
| FM
| Medicine
|
*Addiction medicine
*Adolescent medicine
*Anesthesia
*[[Emergency medicine]]
*Care of the elderly (geriatric medicine)
*Clinical environmental health
*Global health
*HIV care
*Hospital medicine
*Indigenous health
*Low-risk obstetrics
*Medical education
*Medical oncology
*Medical simulation
*Pain medicine
*Palliative care
*Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
*Research
*Sleep medicine
*Sports and exercise medicine
*Women's health
| Continuing, comprehensive healthcare for the individual and family, integrating the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to treat patients of all ages, sexes, organ systems, and diseases.
|-
| [[Forensic medicine]]
|
| Medicine
|
|
|-
| [[Gastroenterology]]
| GI
| Medicine
|
| The [[alimentary tract]]
|-
| [[General surgery]]
| GS
| Surgery
|
*Colorectal surgery
*Gastrointestinal surgery
*Transplant surgery
*Trauma surgery
|
|-
| [[Geriatrics]]
| IMG
| Medicine
|
| Elderly patients
|-
| [[Gynecology]]
|
|
|
|Female reproductive health
|-
| [[Hepatology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| The [[liver]] and [[biliary tract]], usually a part of gastroenterology.
|-
|[[Hospital medicine]]
|
|Medicine
|
|
|-
| [[Infectious disease]]
| ID
| Medicine
|
| Diseases caused by biological agents.
|-
| [[Intensive care medicine]]
|
| Medicine
|
| [[Life support]] and management of critically ill patients, often in an [[intensive care unit|ICU]].
|-
| [[Internal medicine]]
|
| Medicine
|
|
|-
| [[Medical research]]
|
|
|[[Anatomy]], [[Biochemistry]], [[Embryology]], [[Genetics]], [[Pharmacology]], [[Toxicology]]
|Care of hospitalized patients
|-
| [[Nephrology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| Kidney diseases
|-
| [[Neurology]]
| N
| Medicine
|
*[[Behavioral neurology]]
*[[Clinical neurophysiology]]
*[[Geriatric neurology]]
*Headache medicine
*[[Neuromuscular medicine]]
*[[Neurodevelopmental disorder|Neurodevelopmental disabilities]]
*Neuro-oncology
*[[Neuroradiology]]
*Vascular neurology
*[[Hospice and palliative medicine]]
*[[Pain medicine]]
*[[Sleep medicine]]
| Diseases involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.
|-
| [[Neurosurgery]]
| NS
| Surgery
|
*[[Cerebrovascular]]
*[[Neurosurgical oncology]]
*[[Stereotactic surgery|Stereotactic]] and functional
*[[Vertebral column|Spine]]
*[[Neurotrauma]]
*[[Skull base]]
*[[Peripheral neuropathy|Peripheral nerve]]
*[[Pediatric neurosurgery]]
| Disease of the [[central nervous system]], [[peripheral nervous system]], and [[spinal column]].
|-
| [[Obstetrics and gynecology]]
| OB/GYN
| Surgery
|
*[[Maternal-fetal medicine]]
*[[Reproductive medicine]]
*[[Fertility medicine]]
*[[Gynecologic oncology]]
|
|-
| [[Oncology]]
| ON
| Medicine
|
*[[Radiation oncology]] – pertains to the use of [[radiation therapy]] (the [[medicine|medical]] use of [[ionizing radiation]]) as part of [[cancer]] treatment to control [[malignant]] cells (not to be confused with [[radiology]]).
| [[Cancer]] and other malignant diseases, often grouped with hematology.
|-
| [[Ophthalmology]]
| OPH
| Surgery
|
* Anterior segment surgery
* Cornea
* [[Glaucoma]]
* [[Neuro-ophthalmology]]
* [[Ocular oncology]]
* [[Oculoplastics|Oculoplastics and Orbital surgery]]
* [[Ophthalmic pathology]]
* [[Pediatric ophthalmology|Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus]]
* [[Refractive surgery]]
* [[Retina|Medical retina]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Vitreoretinal surgery|Vitreo-retinal surgery]]
| Diseases of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain, etc.
|-
| [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
| Maxfacs, OMS
| Surgery
|
*Oral and Craniofacial surgery (Head and neck)
*Facial cosmetic surgery
*Craniomaxillofacial trauma
| Disease of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
|-
| [[Orthopedic surgery]]
| ORS
| Surgery
| [[Hand surgery]], [[surgical sports medicine]], adult reconstruction, spine surgery, foot and ankle, musculoskeletal oncology, orthopedic trauma surgery, pediatric orthopedic surgery
| Injury and disease of the [[musculoskeletal system]].
|-
| [[Otorhinolaryngology]], or ENT
| ORL, ENT
| Surgery
| Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, [[Neurotology]], Laryngology
| Treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders. The term [[head and neck surgery]] defines a closely related specialty that is concerned mainly with [[surgical oncology|the surgical management of cancer]] of the same anatomical structures.
|-
| [[Palliative care]]
| PLM
| Medicine
|
| A relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with [[terminal illness]]es including [[cancer]] and [[heart failure]].
|-
| [[Pathology as a medical specialty|Pathology]]
| PTH
| Diagnostic
|
| Understanding [[disease]] through examination of [[molecule]]s, [[Cell (biology)|cells]], [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]s and [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]s. The term encompasses both the medical specialty that uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information and the related [[science|scientific]] study of disease processes.
|-
| [[Pediatrics]]
| PD
| Medicine
| Children. Like internal medicine, pediatrics has many sub-specialties for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most sub-specialties of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as [[pediatric cardiology]], [[pediatric emergency medicine]], [[pediatric endocrinology]], [[pediatric gastroenterology]], [[pediatric hematology]], [[pediatric oncology]], [[pediatric ophthalmology]], and [[neonatology]].
| Deals with the medical care of [[infant]]s, [[child]]ren, and [[adolescent]]s (from [[newborn]] to age 16–21, depending on the country).
|-
| [[Pediatric surgery]]
|
| Surgery
| Treats a wide variety of [[chest|thoracic]] and [[abdominal]] (and sometimes [[urology|urologic]]) diseases of childhood.
|
|-
| [[Physical medicine and rehabilitation]] Or Physiatry
| PM&R
| Medicine
|
*Cancer Rehabilitation
*Pain Management
*Traumatic Brain Injury
*Spinal Cord Injury
*Sports Medicine
*Pediatrics
*Hospice & Palliative Medicine
| Concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or [[congenital disorder]]s.
|-
| [[Plastic surgery]]
| PS
| Surgery
|
*Cosmetic surgery
*Burn
*Microsurgery
*Hand surgery
*Craniofacial surgery
| Elective cosmetic surgery as well as reconstructive surgery after traumatic or operative mutilation.
|-
| [[Podiatry]]
| POD
| Surgery
|
*Forefoot surgery
*Midfoot surgery
*Rearfoot surgery
*Ankle surgery
*Soft tissue leg surgery
|Elective podiatric surgery of the foot and ankle, lower limb diabetic wound and salvation, [[peripheral vascular disease]] limb preservation, lower limb [[mononeuropathy]] conditions. Reconstructive [[foot & ankle surgery]].
|-
| [[Proctology]]
| PRO
| Medicine
|
| (or [[Colorectal Surgery]]) Treats disease in the [[rectum]], [[anus]], and [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]].
|-
| [[Psychiatry]]
| P
| Medicine
|
*[[Addiction psychiatry]] focuses on substance abuse and its treatment.
*[[Child psychiatry|Child and adolescent psychiatry]] focuses on the care of children and adolescents with mental, emotional, and learning problems including [[ADHD]], [[autism]], and family conflicts.
*[[Liaison psychiatry|Consultation-Liaison psychiatry]] focuses on the interface between general medicine and psychiatry.
*[[Forensic psychiatry]] focuses on the interface of psychiatry and law.
*[[Geriatric psychiatry]] focuses on the care of elderly people with mental illnesses including [[dementia]]s, post-stroke cognitive changes, and depression.
*[[Neuropsychiatry]] focuses on affective, cognitive and behavioral disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system
*[[Sleep medicine]] focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.
*[[Hospice and Palliative Medicine]]
*[[Pain medicine]]
| The [[biopsychosocial|bio-psycho-social]] study of the [[etiology]], [[diagnosis]], treatment and [[Preventive medicine|prevention]] of [[cognitive]], [[perceptual]], [[emotional]] and [[behavioral]] disorders. Related fields include [[psychotherapy]] and [[clinical psychology]].
|-
| [[Pulmonology]]
|
| Medicine
|
| The lungs and [[respiratory system]]. ''Pulmonology'' is generally considered a branch of [[internal medicine]], although it is closely related to [[intensive care medicine]] when dealing with patients requiring [[mechanical ventilation]].
|-
| [[Public health|Public Health]]
|
|
|
| Public health focuses on the health of populations. Physicians employed in this field work in policy, research or [[health promotion]], taking a broad view of health that encompasses the [[social determinants of health]].
|-
| [[Radiology]]
| R, DR
| Diagnostic and Therapeutic
|
*[[Interventional radiology]] is concerned with using expert imaging of the human body, usually via CT, ultrasound, [[fluoroscopy]], or MRI to perform a breadth of intravascular procedures (angioplasty, arterial stenting, thrombolysis, uterine fibroid embolization), [[biopsy|biopsies]] and minimally invasive oncologic procedures (radiofrequency and cryoablation of tumors & transarterial chemoembolization)
*[[Nuclear medicine]] uses [[radioactive decay|radioactive]] substances for ''[[in vivo]]'' and ''[[in vitro]]'' diagnosis either using imaging of the location of radioactive substances placed into a patient or using ''in vitro'' diagnostic tests utilizing [[radioactivity|radioactive]] substances.
| The use of expertise in radiation in the context of [[medical imaging]] for [[diagnosis]] or image guided minimally invasive therapy. [[Radiography|X-rays]], etc.
|-
| [[Rheumatology]]
| RHU
| Medicine
|
| [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]] and inflammatory diseases of the [[joint]]s and other organ systems, such as [[arthritis]] and other [[rheumatic diseases]].
|-
| [[Surgical oncology]]
| SO
| Surgery
|
| Curative and palliative surgical approaches to [[cancer]] treatment.
|-
| [[Thoracic surgery]]
| TS
| Surgery
|
| Surgery of the organs of the [[thoracic cavity]]: the heart, lungs, and great vessels.
|-
| [[Organ transplantation|Transplant surgery]]
| TTS
| Surgery
|
|Transplantation of [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] from one body to another.
|-
|Toxicology
|
|Diagnostic and Therapeutic
|
* Environmental
* Forensic
* Occupational
* Pediatric
|Poisonings, Overdoses; Environmental, and Occupational Exposures
|-
| Urgent Care Medicine
| UCM
| Medicine
|
| Immediate medical care offering outpatient care for the treatment of acute and chronic illness and injury.
|-
| [[Urology]]
| U
| Surgery
|
| [[Urinary tract]]s of males and females, and the [[male reproductive system]]. It is often practiced together with [[andrology]] ("men's health").
|-
| [[Vascular surgery]]
| VS
| Surgery
|
| The peripheral blood vessels – those outside the [[chest]] (usually operated on by [[cardiovascular surgery|cardiovascular surgeons]]) and outside the [[central nervous system]] (treated by [[neurosurgery]]).
|-
|}

Translations:Medical specialty/11/en - Revision history

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