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=== Genomics ===
The specialization of [[Prokaryote|prokaryotic]] genomes is distinguishable when recognizing how the prokaryote replicates its [[DNA]] during [[Cell replication|replication]]. In ''L. acidophilus,'' replication begins at an origin called [[Origin of replication|oriC]] and moves bi-directionally in the form of [[DNA replication|replication forks]]. The DNA is synthesized continuously on the [[DNA replication|leading strand]] and in discontinuous [[Okazaki fragments]] on the [[DNA replication|lagging strand]] with help from the [[DNA polymerase III holoenzyme|DNA polymerase III]] enzyme. An RNA primer is needed to initiate the DNA synthesis on the leading and lagging strands. DNA polymerase III follows the RNA primer with the synthesis of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. ''L. acidophilus'' consists of a small [[genome]] with a low [[GC-content|guanine-cytosine]] content, approximately 30%. A study comparing 46 genomes of varying strains of ''L. acidophilus'' found the genome size ranged from 1.95 Mb to 2.09 Mb, with an average size of 1.98 Mb. The average number of coding sequences in the genome was 1780, with the strains isolated from fermented foods and commercial probiotics having more coding sequences on average than those isolated from humans. ''L. acidophilus'' has an open state [[pan-genome]] (all of the genes within a species), meaning that the pan-genome size increased as the number of genomes sequenced increased. The core-genome (the genes shared by all individuals of a species) consist of around 1117 genes in the case of ''L. acidophilus.'' Genetic analysis also revealed that all ''L. acidophilus'' strains contained at least 15 families of glycosyl hydrolases, which are the key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism. Each of the 15 GH families were involved in metabolizing common carbohydrates, such as glucose, galactose, fructose, sucrose, starch, and maltose. Genes encoding antibiotic resistance by means of antibiotic efflux, antibiotic target alteration, and antibiotic target protection were present in all ''L. acidophilus'' strains, providing protection against 18 different classes of antibiotic across all strains. Fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, macrolide and tetracycline were the five classes of antibiotic to which ''L. acidophilus'' displayed the highest level of tolerance, with more than 300 genes relevant to these classes.

Translations:Lactobacillus acidophilus/7/en - Revision history

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