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[[File: Insulin chain A and B linked by disulfide bridges.gif|frame|right|Insulin is a peptide hormone containing two chains cross-linked by disulfide bridges.]]
'''Insulin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|n|.|sj|ʊ|.|l|ɪ|n}}, from [[Latin]] ''insula'', 'island') is a [[peptide hormone]] produced by [[beta cell]]s of the [[pancreatic islets]] encoded in humans by the insulin (''INS)'' [[gene]]. It is considered to be the main [[Anabolism|anabolic]] [[hormone]] of the body. It regulates the [[metabolism]] of [[carbohydrate]]s, [[fat]]s and [[protein]] by promoting the absorption of [[glucose]] from the blood into [[liver]], [[fat cell|fat]] and [[skeletal muscle]] cells. In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either [[glycogen]] via [[glycogenesis]] or [[Fatty acid metabolism#Glycolytic end products are used in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids|fats]] ([[triglyceride]]s) via [[lipogenesis]], or, in the case of the liver, into both. [[Glucose]] production and [[secretion]] by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood. Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues. It is therefore an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells. Low insulin levels in the blood have the opposite effect by promoting widespread [[catabolism]], especially of [[obesity|reserve body fat]].

Translations:Insulin/2/en - Revision history

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