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=== Poultry ===
[[File:DSC00187_(4018480068).jpg|thumb|left|Photo of an egg farm in [[New England]], taken around 2009]]
It is believed that the thermal comfort zone for poultry is in the {{convert|18-25|C}} range. Some papers describe {{convert|26-35|C}} as the "critical zone" for [[heat stress]], but others report that due to [[acclimatization]], birds in the tropical countries do not begin to experience heat stress until {{convert|32|C}}. There is wider agreement that temperatures greater than {{convert|35|C}} and {{convert|47|C}} form "upper critical" and lethal zones, respectively. Average daily temperatures of around {{convert|33|C}} are known to interfere with feeding in both [[broiler]]s and egg hens, as well as lower their [[immune response]], with outcomes such as reduced weight gain/egg production or greater incidence of [[salmonella]] infections, [[footpad]] [[dermatitis]] or [[meningitis]]. Persistent heat stress leads to [[oxidative stress]] in tissues, and harvested [[white meat]] ends up with a lower proportion of essential compounds like [[vitamin E]], [[lutein]] and [[zeaxanthin]], yet an increase in [[glucose]] and [[cholesterol]]. Multiple studies show that dietary supplementation with [[chromium]] can help to relieve these issues due to its [[antioxidative]] properties, particularly in combination with [[zinc]] or herbs like [[wood sorrel]]. [[Resveratrol]] is another popular antioxidant administered to poultry for these reasons. Though the effect of supplementation is limited, it is much cheaper than interventions to improve cooling or simply stock fewer birds, and so remains popular. While the majority of literature on poultry heat stress and dietary supplementation focuses on chickens, similar findings were seen in [[Japanese quail]]s, which eat less and gain less weight, suffer reduced [[fertility]] and hatch [[egg]]s of worse quality under heat stress, and also seem to benefit from mineral supplementation.

Translations:Effects of climate change on livestock/40/en - Revision history

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