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==β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyrate==
{{Main|Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid}}
When combined with an appropriate exercise program, dietary supplementation with [[β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate]] (HMB) has been shown to [[dose-dependent]]ly augment gains in [[muscle hypertrophy]] (i.e., the size of a muscle), [[Physical strength|muscle strength]], and [[lean body mass]], reduce exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage,{{#tag:ref|The effect of HMB on skeletal muscle damage has been assessed in studies using four different [[Biomarker (medicine)|biomarkers]] of muscle damage or protein breakdown: [[blood serum|serum]] [[creatine kinase]], serum [[lactate dehydrogenase]], urinary [[urea nitrogen]], and urinary [[3-methylhistidine]]. When exercise intensity and volume are sufficient to cause skeletal muscle damage, such as during [[long-distance running]] or [[progressive overload]], HMB supplementation has been demonstrated to attenuate the rise in these biomarkers by 20–60%. and expedite recovery from high-intensity exercise. HMB is believed to produce these effects by increasing muscle protein synthesis and decreasing muscle protein breakdown by various mechanisms, including activation of the [[mechanistic target of rapamycin]] (mTOR) and inhibition of the [[proteasome]] in skeletal muscles.

Translations:Bodybuilding supplement/16/en - Revision history

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