https://wiki.tiffa.net/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Translations%3ABlack_pepper%2F38%2FenTranslations:Black pepper/38/en - Revision history2026-07-18T03:17:04ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.0https://wiki.tiffa.net/w/index.php?title=Translations:Black_pepper/38/en&diff=150127&oldid=prevFuzzyBot: Importing a new version from external source2025-06-07T07:14:31Z<p>Importing a new version from external source</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>However, the Portuguese monopolized the spice trade for 150 years. Portuguese even became the lingua franca of the then known world. The spice trade made Portugal rich. However, in the 17th century, the Portuguese lost most of their valuable Indian Ocean trade to the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and the [[England|English]], who, taking advantage of the Spanish rule over Portugal during the [[Iberian Union]] (1580–1640), occupied by force almost all Portuguese interests in the area. The pepper ports of Malabar began to trade increasingly with the Dutch in the period 1661–1663.7</div>FuzzyBot