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===20th century===
[[Image:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|thumb|right|Gram-stained ''B. subtilis'']]
Cultures of ''B. subtilis'' were popular worldwide, before the introduction of [[antibiotics]], as an immunostimulatory agent to aid treatment of [[gastrointestinal]] and [[urinary tract]] diseases. It was used throughout the 1950s as an [[alternative medicine]], which upon digestion has been found to significantly stimulate [[Broad-spectrum therapeutic|broad-spectrum immune activity]] including activation of secretion of specific [[antibodies]] [[IgM]], [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] and [[IgA]] and release of [[CpG dinucleotide]]s inducing [[interferon]] [[IFN-α]]/[[IFNγ]] producing activity of [[leukocytes]] and [[cytokines]] important in the development of [[cytotoxicity]] towards [[tumor cells]]. It was marketed throughout America and Europe from 1946 as an immunostimulatory aid in the treatment of gut and urinary tract diseases such as [[Rotavirus]] and [[Shigellosis]]. In 1966, the U.S. Army dumped ''bacillus subtilis'' onto the grates of New York City subway stations for five days in order to observe people's reactions when coated by a strange dust. Due to its ability to survive, it is thought to still be present there.

Translations:Bacillus subtilis/26/en - Revision history

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