imported>Fire: Created page with "{{short description|Beneficial change in medical condition, often caused by a drug}} '''Therapeutic effect''' refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable.{{R|"Merriam"}}{{R|"Kramer2003"}}{{R|"Pharmaco"}} This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence. An adverse effect (including nocebo) is the converse and refers to harmful or undesired respons..."

2023-01-03T23:02:49Z

Created page with "{{short description|Beneficial change in medical condition, often caused by a drug}} '''Therapeutic effect''' refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable.{{R|"Merriam"}}{{R|"Kramer2003"}}{{R|"Pharmaco"}} This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence. An adverse effect (including nocebo) is the converse and refers to harmful or undesired respons..."

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{{short description|Beneficial change in medical condition, often caused by a drug}}
'''Therapeutic effect''' refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable.{{R|"Merriam"}}{{R|"Kramer2003"}}{{R|"Pharmaco"}} This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an [[unintended consequence]]. An [[adverse effect]] (including [[nocebo]]) is the converse and refers to harmful or undesired response(s). What constitutes a [[therapeutic]] effect versus a side effect is a matter of both the nature of the situation and the goals of treatment. No inherent difference separates therapeutic and undesired side effects; both responses are [[behavioral]]/[[physiologic]] changes that occur as a response to the treatment strategy or agent. {{R|"Kramer2003"}}

== Treatment scope ==
To maximize therapeutic effects (desired) and minimize side effects (undesired) requires recognition and quantification of the treatment in multiple dimensions. In the specific case of targeted pharmaceutical interventions, a combination of therapies is often needed to achieve the desired results.{{R|"Fitzgerald2006"}}

== Pharmacology examples ==
*A 2015 review found that [[aloe vera]] exhibits therapeutic [[antioxidant]], [[antimicrobial]], immune boosting, [[antitumor]], [[hypoglycemic]], [[hypolipidemic]], [[wound healing]], and [[antidiabetic]] effects.{{R|"Radha2015"}}
*Also in 2015, a review found that [[probiotics]] were beneficial in the treatment of [[irritable bowel syndrome]].{{R|"Didari2015"}}
*Again in 2015 another review found that [[Rituximab]] was therapeutic in the treatment of [[myasthenia gravis]], an [[autoimmune disorder]].{{R|"Iorio2015"}}
*A 2016 review found that the [[adjunctive]] use of standardized pharmaceutical-grade nutrients, known as [[nutraceuticals]], had a therapeutic effect in patients with [[depression (mood)|depression]].{{R|"Sarris2016"}}
*Also in 2016, a review found that despite limited data [[botulinum toxin]] type A may be beneficial for the treatment of [[trigeminal neuralgia]] [[paroxysms]] and suggests further study.{{R|"Morra2016"}}

== Non-pharmacology examples ==
*A 2014 review found there was a strong therapeutic benefit from [[stem cell therapy]] on organ recovery from injury and that it may also inhibit tumor growth.{{R|"Akyurekli2014"}}
*A 2015 review found that [[mindfulness]] based interventions had a therapeutic effect on [[stress reduction]] for [[mental illness]].{{R|"Strauss2015"}}
*Also in 2015, a review showed that [[irradiation]] with [[low level laser therapy]] had the therapeutic effect of increasing [[in vitro]] stem cell proliferation rates.{{R|"Ginani2015"}}
*A 2017 review showed [[Aerobic exercise|aerobic]] and [[resistance exercise]] had a therapeutic effect on the physical and mental well-being of [[cancer]] survivors.{{R|"Fuller2017"}}
*Also in 2017, a review found that [[Extracorporeal shockwave therapy|low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave treatment]] was therapeutic in the treatment of [[erectile dysfunction]].{{R|"Lin2017"}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

</-- lead references -->

<ref name="Pharmaco">{{cite web |title=Drug, pharmacology and therapeutic |url=https://www.pharmacorama.com/en/Sections/Pharmacology-Definitions.php |website=pharmacorama.com |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Kramer2003">{{cite journal |last1=Kramer |first1=Thomas A. M. |title=Side Effects and Therapeutic Effects |url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/448250 |journal=MedGenMed |year=2003 |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=28 |pmid=12827089 |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Merriam">{{cite web |title=Definition of therapeutic |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/therapeutic |website=merriam-webster.com |accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref>

</-- Treatment scope references -->

<ref name="Fitzgerald2006">{{cite journal | last1=Fitzgerald | first1=Jonathan B | last2=Schoeberl | first2=Birgit | last3=Nielsen | first3=Ulrik B | last4=Sorger | first4=Peter K | title=Systems biology and combination therapy in the quest for clinical efficacy | journal=Nature Chemical Biology | volume=2 | issue=9 | year=2006 | issn=1552-4450 | doi=10.1038/nchembio817 | pmid=16921358 | pages=458–466| s2cid=12119143 }}</ref>

</-- Pharmacology examples references -->

<ref name="Morra2016">{{cite journal | last1=Morra | first1=Mostafa Ebraheem | last2=Elgebaly | first2=Ahmed | last3=Elmaraezy | first3=Ahmed | last4=Khalil | first4=Adham M. | last5=Altibi | first5=Ahmed M. A. | last6=Vu | first6=Tran Le-Huy | last7=Mostafa | first7=Mostafa Reda | last8=Huy | first8=Nguyen Tien | last9=Hirayama | first9=Kenji | title=Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin A Therapy in Trigeminal Neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=[[The Journal of Headache and Pain]] | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=63 | date=5 July 2016 | issn=1129-2369 | doi=10.1186/s10194-016-0651-8 | pmid=27377706 | pmc=4932020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Sarris2016">{{cite journal | last1=Sarris | first1=Jerome | last2=Murphy | first2=Jenifer | last3=Mischoulon | first3=David | last4=Papakostas | first4=George I. | last5=Fava | first5=Maurizio | last6=Berk | first6=Michael | last7=Ng | first7=Chee H. | title=Adjunctive Nutraceuticals for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses | journal=American Journal of Psychiatry | volume=173 | issue=6 | year=2016 | issn=0002-953X | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091228 | pmid=27113121 | pages=575–587| doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Iorio2015">{{cite journal | last1=Iorio | first1=Raffaele | last2=Damato | first2=Valentina | last3=Alboini | first3=Paolo Emilio | last4=Evoli | first4=Amelia | title=Efficacy and safety of rituximab for myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal=Journal of Neurology | volume=262 | issue=5 | date=12 October 2014 | issn=0340-5354 | doi=10.1007/s00415-014-7532-3 | pmid=25308632 | pages=1115–1119| s2cid=34358992 }}</ref>

<ref name="Didari2015">{{cite journal | last=Didari | first=Tina | title=Effectiveness of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: Updated systematic review with meta-analysis | journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume=21 | issue=10 | pages=3072–3084 | year=2015 | issn=1007-9327 | doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.3072 | pmid=25780308 | pmc=4356930 }}</ref>

<ref name="Radha2015">{{cite journal | last1=Radha | first1=Maharjan H. | last2=Laxmipriya | first2=Nampoothiri P. | title=Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review | journal=Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine | volume=5 | issue=1 | year=2015 | issn=2225-4110 | doi=10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006 | pmid=26151005 | pages=21–26| pmc=4488101 }}</ref>

</-- Non-pharmacology examples references -->

<ref name="Lin2017">{{cite journal | last1=Lu | first1=Zhihua | last2=Lin | first2=Guiting | last3=Reed-Maldonado | first3=Amanda | last4=Wang | first4=Chunxi | last5=Lee | first5=Yung-Chin | last6=Lue | first6=Tom F. | title=Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Improves Erectile Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | journal=European Urology | volume=71 | issue=2 | year=2017 | issn=0302-2838 | doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.050 | pmid=27321373 | pages=223–233}}</ref>

<ref name="Ginani2015">{{cite journal | last1=Ginani | first1=Fernanda | last2=Soares | first2=Diego Moura | last3=Barreto | first3=Mardem Portela e Vasconcelos | last4=Barboza | first4=Carlos Augusto Galvão | title=Effect of low-level laser therapy on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: a systematic review | journal=Lasers in Medical Science | volume=30 | issue=8 | date=13 March 2015 | issn=0268-8921 | doi=10.1007/s10103-015-1730-9 | pmid=25764448 | pages=2189–2194| s2cid=33081269 }}</ref>

<ref name="Fuller2017">{{cite journal | last1=Fuller | first1=Joel T | last2=Hartland | first2=Michael C | last3=Maloney | first3=Luke T | last4=Davison | first4=Kade | title=Therapeutic effects of aerobic and resistance exercises for cancer survivors: a systematic review of meta-analyses of clinical trials | journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine | volume=52 | issue=20 | date=16 March 2018 | issn=0306-3674 | doi=10.1136/bjsports-2017-098285 | pmid=29549149 | pages=bjsports–2017–098285| s2cid=3901907 }}</ref>

<ref name="Strauss2015">{{cite journal | last1=Gu | first1=Jenny | last2=Strauss | first2=Clara | last3=Bond | first3=Rod | last4=Cavanagh | first4=Kate | title=How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies | journal=Clinical Psychology Review | volume=37 | year=2015 | issn=0272-7358 | doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006 | pmid=25689576 | pages=1–12}}</ref>

<ref name="Akyurekli2014">{{cite journal | last1=Akyurekli | first1=Celine | last2=Le | first2=Yevgeniya | last3=Richardson | first3=Richard B. | last4=Fergusson | first4=Dean | last5=Tay | first5=Jason | last6=Allan | first6=David S. | title=A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies on the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Microvesicles | journal=Stem Cell Reviews and Reports | volume=11 | issue=1 | date=5 August 2014 | issn=1550-8943 | doi=10.1007/s12015-014-9545-9 | pmid=25091427 | pages=150–160| s2cid=14366453 }}</ref>

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{{二次利用|date=28 December 2021}}
[[Category:Medical statistics]]
[[Category:Medical treatments]]

Therapeutic effect - Revision history