Fire at 01:28, 10 May 2025

2025-05-10T01:28:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:28, 10 May 2025
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	{{short description\|Organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen}}		{{short description\|Organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen}}
	~~{{Use mdy dates\|date=September 2015}}~~
	[[File:Lactose.svg\|thumb\|class=skin-invert\|upright=1.25\|[[Lactose]] is a [[disaccharide]] found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of [[galactose\|D-galactose]] and a molecule of [[glucose\|D-glucose]] bonded by beta-1-4 [[glycosidic linkage]].]]		[[File:Lactose.svg\|thumb\|class=skin-invert\|upright=1.25\|[[Lactose]] is a [[disaccharide]] found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of [[galactose\|D-galactose]] and a molecule of [[glucose\|D-glucose]] bonded by beta-1-4 [[glycosidic linkage]].]]

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	== History ==		== History ==
	~~{{Expand section\|date=January 2022}}~~
	The history of the discovery regarding carbohydrates dates back around 10,000 years ago in [[Papua New Guinea]] during the cultivation of [[sugarcane]] during the Neolithic agricultural revolution. The term "carbohydrate" was first proposed by German chemist [[Carl Schmidt (chemist)]] in 1844. In 1856, [[glycogen]], a form of carbohydrate storage in animal livers, was discovered by French physiologist [[Claude Bernard]].		The history of the discovery regarding carbohydrates dates back around 10,000 years ago in [[Papua New Guinea]] during the cultivation of [[sugarcane]] during the Neolithic agricultural revolution. The term "carbohydrate" was first proposed by German chemist [[Carl Schmidt (chemist)]] in 1844. In 1856, [[glycogen]], a form of carbohydrate storage in animal livers, was discovered by French physiologist [[Claude Bernard]].

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	The aldehyde or ketone group of a straight-chain monosaccharide will react reversibly with a hydroxyl group on a different carbon atom to form a [[hemiacetal]] or [[hemiketal]], forming a [[heterocyclic]] ring with an oxygen bridge between two carbon atoms. Rings with five and six atoms are called [[furanose]] and [[pyranose]] forms, respectively, and exist in equilibrium with the straight-chain form.		The aldehyde or ketone group of a straight-chain monosaccharide will react reversibly with a hydroxyl group on a different carbon atom to form a [[hemiacetal]] or [[hemiketal]], forming a [[heterocyclic]] ring with an oxygen bridge between two carbon atoms. Rings with five and six atoms are called [[furanose]] and [[pyranose]] forms, respectively, and exist in equilibrium with the straight-chain form.

	During the conversion from straight-chain form to the cyclic form, the carbon atom containing the carbonyl oxygen, called the [[anomeric carbon]], becomes a stereogenic center with two possible configurations: The oxygen atom may take a position either above or below the plane of the ring. The resulting possible pair of stereoisomers is called [[anomer]]s. In the ''α anomer'', the -OH substituent on the anomeric carbon rests on the opposite side ([[Cis-trans isomerism\|trans]]) of the ring from the CH<sub>2</sub>OH side branch. The alternative form, in which the CH<sub>2</sub>OH substituent and the anomeric hydroxyl are on the same side (cis) of the plane of the ring, is called the ''β anomer''.~~{{citation needed\|date=April 2025}}~~		During the conversion from straight-chain form to the cyclic form, the carbon atom containing the carbonyl oxygen, called the [[anomeric carbon]], becomes a stereogenic center with two possible configurations: The oxygen atom may take a position either above or below the plane of the ring. The resulting possible pair of stereoisomers is called [[anomer]]s. In the ''α anomer'', the -OH substituent on the anomeric carbon rests on the opposite side ([[Cis-trans isomerism\|trans]]) of the ring from the CH<sub>2</sub>OH side branch. The alternative form, in which the CH<sub>2</sub>OH substituent and the anomeric hydroxyl are on the same side (cis) of the plane of the ring, is called the ''β anomer''.

	===Use in living organisms===		===Use in living organisms===

Fire: /* References */

2025-05-10T01:11:38Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 10 May 2025
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	* [[Macromolecule]]		* [[Macromolecule]]
	* [[Saccharic acid]]		* [[Saccharic acid]]

	~~== References ==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

Fire: Created page with "{{short description|Organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}} [[Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage.]] A '''carbohydrate''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɑːr|b|oʊ|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|r|eɪ|t}}) is a biomolecule co..."

2025-05-10T01:11:03Z

Created page with "{{short description|Organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}} thumb|class=skin-invert|upright=1.25|[[Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage.]] A '''carbohydrate''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɑːr|b|oʊ|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|r|eɪ|t}}) is a biomolecule co..."

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Carbohydrate - Revision history

Fire at 01:28, 10 May 2025

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