View source for Pyritinol/en

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{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Infobox drug
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464377508
| IUPAC_name = 5,5'-[dithiobis(methylene)]bis[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol]
| image = Pyritinol.svg

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =  
| pregnancy_category =  
| legal_status =  
| routes_of_administration =

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability =  
| metabolism =  
| elimination_half-life = 2.5 hours
| excretion =

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CAS_number = 1098-97-1
| ATC_prefix = N06
| ATC_suffix = BX02
| PubChem = 14190
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 13561
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = AK5Q5FZH2R
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D02160
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 488093

<!--Chemical data-->
| C=16 | H=20 | N=2 | O=4 | S=2 
| smiles = Oc1c(c(cnc1C)CSSCc2c(c(O)c(nc2)C)CO)CO
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C16H20N2O4S2/c1-9-15(21)13(5-19)11(3-17-9)7-23-24-8-12-4-18-10(2)16(22)14(12)6-20/h3-4,19-22H,5-8H2,1-2H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = SIXLXDIJGIWWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}

'''Pyritinol''' also called pyridoxine disulfide or pyrithioxine (European drug names Encephabol, Encefabol, Cerbon 6) is a semi-synthetic water-soluble analog of [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] (Pyridoxine HCl). It was produced in 1961 by Merck Laboratories by bonding 2 vitamin B<sub>6</sub> compounds ([[pyridoxine]]) together with a disulfide bridge. Since the 1970s, it has been a prescription and OTC drug in several countries for cognitive disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and learning disorders in children. Since the early 1990s it has been sold as a [[nootropic]] [[dietary supplement]] in the United States.

== Availability ==
It is approved for "symptomatic treatment of chronically impaired brain function in dementia syndromes" and for "supportive treatment of sequelae of craniocerebral trauma" in various European countries, including Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, and Greece. In France it is also approved for [[rheumatoid arthritis]] as a [[DMARD|disease modifying drug]], on the basis of the results of clinical trials. In many countries it is available over the counter and is widely advertised on the internet as being for "memory disturbances."

== Effects ==
''review refs needed''

== Adverse effects ==
Adverse effects include nausea, headache, and rarely allergic reaction (mild skin reactions).  A 2004 survey of six case reports suggested a link between pyritinol and severe [[cholestatic]] [[hepatitis]] when on several drugs for certain diseases.

Other rare side effects: acute pancreatitis and photoallergic eruption.

== See also ==
* [[Emoxypine]]
* [[Pirisudanol]]
* [[Sulbutiamine]]

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Stimulants}}{{Vitamins}}

{{二次利用|date=23 March 2024}}
[[Category:Antioxidants]]
[[Category:Nootropics]]
[[Category:Organic disulfides]]
[[Category:Pyridines]]
[[Category:Phenols]]
[[Category:Primary alcohols]]